http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee에 글을 올리면서 인사드립니다.위 글은 www.koreapediatrics.com 부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다
제16권 소아청소년(0~18세)
정형외과 질환 및 스포츠 의학
Orthopedics and Sports medicine of Children and Adolescents
에서 퍼온 글입니다.
다음은 이상원의 저작 및 저서
1. http://www.koreapediatrics.com/부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다–약 20,000 여 쪽. 13412 제목, 2013년 출시 소아과 웹사이트 이상원 운영
2.소아가정의학 백과-618쪽, 1988년 출간
3.소아가정간호백과–부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다-1076쪽, 1998년 청문각 출간
4.신생아 영유아 학령기아 사춘기아 성장발육 육아-623쪽 2014년 좋은땅 출간
5.신생아 성장 발육 양호 질병, 610쪽 2014년 좋은땅 출간
6.모유 모유수유 이유 308쪽, 2014년 좋은땅 출간
7.소아청소년 뇌전증(간질)+뇌전증 백문 백답, 240쪽 2015년 좋은땅 출간
8.임신에서 신생아 돌보기까지, 약 300쪽 1998년 청문각 출간
9.아들 딸 이렇게 사랑해서 키우세요, 210쪽 역저 전 세계 명작 Ross Campbell 의학박사 저 1988년 서문당 출간
11.마약과 아이들 약 200쪽 , 1988년 출간
12.아들 딸 조건 없는 진정한 사랑으로 키우세요 그리고 인성교육은 이렇게 2016년 양서각 출간 647쪽
13.”https://www.flickr.com/people/drleesangwon
14.http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee
15,https://www.facebook.com/drleesangwon
16.Newyorkkorea.netd의 Pediatriccolumnist
17.그 외
위 포스팅 내용의 대부분은 www.koreapediatrics.com에 있는 내용들입니다. 전문적인 면도 있지만 소아청소년 자녀 양육에 많은 도움이 되리라고 믿습니다. 그러나 여기에 있는 정보는 여러분의 의사로부터 얻는 정보 진단 치료를 대신할 수 없습니다. www.koreapediatrics.com 부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다
저자의 양력–연세대학교 의과대학 졸업, 무의촌 2년간 의료봉사 및 대한민국 군의관 3년 근무
미국 커네티컷 UCONN 의과대학, 예일대학교 의과대학 소아과 수련, 미국 소아과 전문의, 한국 소아청소년과 전문의
American Top pediatrician 2002~2005, 미국 커네티컷 주 의사면허증 #016370, 한국 의사면허증 #7794
Copyrightⓒ 2017 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
■ 검색 창에서 찾고자하시는 정보를 찾아보세요.
Copyright drleepediatrics.com 2/23/2026
Bowlegs and Knock Knees
Bowlegs (Genu varum) and Knock Knees (Genu valgus)
For more information, please visit drleepediatrics.com. Search
For more information, visit drleepediatrics.com and search.
▴ Figure 90. Normally, the lower legs of a fetus are flexed inward in the uterus, as shown above, before birth. From birth until 18 months of age, the lower legs are typically flexed inward, forming a bowed leg. This is called a physiological bowed leg.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Figure 91. During the first few months after birth, infants typically sleep in a bowed position.
A newborn sleeping on his stomach has his legs in a bowed position. Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
● When standing or lying down with both feet and ankles parallel and straight, and both legs extended straight and parallel, the distance between the knees is greater than normal. This is called “bow legs,” “bow-legs,” or “genu varum.”
● When standing or lying down with both knees parallel and straight, and both legs extended straight and parallel, the distance between the ankles is greater than normal. This is called “X-legs,” “X-angle,” or “knock-knees.”
▴ Photo 94. Physiological “bow-legs” (physiological varus)
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 95. Physiological “bow-legs” (physiological varus) is more severe, with the shins bent inward, creating a hallux valgus.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 96. Physiological O-shaped Legs (Physiological Genu Knees)
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 97. Most physiological O-shaped legs typically transform into physiological X-shaped legs around 18 to 30 months of age.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
■ Causes of O-shaped and X-shaped Legs
● Most fetuses are born with a normal genu Knees position (physiological genu Knees) similar to Figures 90 and 91 in the womb.
● From birth until 18 months of age, most infants and toddlers maintain a physiological O-shaped leg position. It is normal for almost all newborns to have physiological O-shaped legs. By about 18 months of age, the lower legs of most newborns and toddlers are normally slightly O-shaped. These O-shaped legs, which develop without any apparent medical condition, are called “physiological O-shaped legs.”
● In most cases, physiological O-shaped legs typically persist from infancy until around 12 to 18 months of age. However, after around 12 to 18 months, most infants’ physiological O-shaped legs begin to straighten gradually, which is normal development. The physiological O-shaped lower legs gradually transform into an X-shaped leg shape.
● Therefore, after around 12 to 18 months of age, most infants begin to slightly evert, with both lower legs straight and their knees parallel to each other, developing a mild X-shaped leg shape.
● These X-shaped legs, which develop without any apparent medical condition, are called “physiological X-shaped legs.”
● These physiological X-shaped legs (physiological genu valgum) can become more pronounced by around 2 to 3 years of age.
● Physiologically X-shaped legs begin to straighten again around age 5-6. By puberty, normal leg development is characterized by the knees and ankles almost touching each other when the lower legs are extended side by side.
● Therefore, from age 6-7 until puberty, most school-age children’s lower legs are somewhat physiologically X-shaped. This leg shape usually persists into adulthood.
● Physiologically X-shaped legs or O-shaped legs, which develop through normal growth and development, are normal and require no treatment.
● The O-shaped legs in photos 94-96 also returned to normal naturally without treatment.
● Rarely,
● Trauma to the legs,
● Congenital diseases,
● Skeletal dysplasia,
● Blount’s disease,
● Rickets,
● Certain metabolic disorders,
● Abnormally O-shaped legs or abnormal X-shaped legs can develop. ● In such cases, appropriate treatment is provided depending on the cause.
▴ Photo 98. Normal leg of a 2-year-old child
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 99. Normal leg and physiologic valgus leg (physiologic valgus knee) of a 3-year-old child
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 100. Physiologic valgus leg (physiologic valgus knee) of a 4-year-old child
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 101. Physiologic valgus leg (physiologic valgus knee) of a 5-year-old child
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 102. Normal Legs in a 6-Year-Old School Child
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
Photo 103. Physiological Knees (Physiological Kneecaps) in a 7-Year-Old School Child
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
■ Diagnosis and Treatment of Kneecaps and Kneecaps
● Diagnosis is based on a comprehensive review of medical history, symptoms, and physical examination findings.
● Most mild knee caps and knee caps are physiological and normal.
● If you have concerns, consult your doctor during a regular checkup.
● Rarely, certain diseases can cause pathological kneecaps and kneecaps.
● If you have abnormally shaped kneecaps or kneecaps due to certain diseases, consult an orthopedic specialist for a thorough examination and diagnosis. If necessary, a leg X-ray examination can be performed.
● Pathological O-shaped legs or pathological X-shaped legs caused by rickets, metabolic disorders, leg trauma, congenital diseases, skeletal dysplasia, Blount’s disease, etc. should be differentiated from physiological O-shaped legs or physiological X-shaped legs.
● If O-shaped legs persist after age 2, are severe, occur only on one leg, are abnormally short or tall, or are severe after age 6-7, or are severe, the cause should be identified and treated.
● Also, if X-shaped legs occur on only one side, or if a biological parent or sibling has both O-shaped legs or X-shaped legs, the cause should be identified and treated.
The following is an example of a Q&A from the online Pediatric and Adolescent Health Counseling service regarding “○-shaped legs and X-shaped legs. In-toe walking in an 18-month-old baby.”
Q&A. ○-shaped legs and X-shaped legs. My 18-month-old baby walks with a slouch.
Q.
Hello. I have an 18-month-old son and a daughter who is almost two months old.
But my 18-month-old son walks with a slouch. People around me have suggested I take him to the hospital because his gait is unusual, but my husband says he’s fine and doesn’t need to go. He walks inward, but I’ve seen other children his age walk straight. Because he walks inward, he often falls. Please tell me if I should go to the hospital, and if not, how to treat it at home. My second daughter is almost two months old, and she poops every two or three days. Her stool is yellow and thick, like porridge. I understand that babies usually poop once a day. Is this constipation? If so, what should I do to treat it? I would really appreciate your answer.
A.
Kim Cheong
● Hello. Thank you for your valuable question.
● The more information we have about your child’s age, gender, past medical history, family medical history, physical examination findings, and clinical tests, the more helpful it is for us to provide you with an answer. We will respond based on the information you have provided.
● It is natural to observe and examine your child’s walking, determine the cause of the in-toe gait, and determine the severity of the in-toe gait before providing an answer.
● However, it would be helpful to consider the following information:
● A newborn well-child checkup within 24 hours of birth, once before discharge from the nursery and before going home, and once every 3-14 days after discharge from the hospital nursery.
● The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends regular checkups with a pediatrician at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months.
● During each regular health checkup, a thorough physical examination from head to toe is conducted to identify any abnormalities in the body.
● Check whether the type, amount, and nutritional intake of food are appropriate for the child’s age. Ensure that the child receives necessary vaccinations against infectious diseases.
● Consult on safety accident prevention.
● Determine whether growth and development are normal or abnormal based on age.
● It is common for doctors and parents to consult with each other regarding child-rearing.
● We recommend that you receive a health checkup at a pediatric clinic and discuss these issues.
▴ Photo 104. Physiological clubfoot, a condition in which the front part of a newborn’s foot is turned inward.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 105. Physiological clubfoot, a condition in which the front part of a 3-month-old infant’s foot is turned inward.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
● Physiologically bowed legs develop normally in most infants and toddlers from birth until about 12 to 24 months of age. However, bowed legs can be caused by various medical conditions. It’s recommended that your child undergo regular checkups with your doctor to determine whether they have physiological bowed legs or abnormal, pathological bowed legs. If they have pathological bowed legs, it’s recommended that you consult your regular pediatrician for a referral to an orthopedic specialist.
● Some conditions, if not treated promptly and appropriately, can lead to lifelong disabilities.
● Merely observing and treating bowed legs without understanding the underlying cause is inappropriate.
● Some infants aged 2 to 3 months may have bowel movements after each feeding of breast milk or formula. In some cases, their bowel movements become thicker after 3 to 4 days.
● This is not constipation; it’s normal.
● There’s nothing to worry about.
● [Parents Should Become Half-Doctors Too – Pediatric Home Nursing Encyclopedia] – Volume 2: Prevention of Pediatric and Adolescent Diseases and Accidents – Regular Health Checkups, Volume 3: Growth and Development of Newborns, Infants, School-Age Children, and Adolescents – Growth and Development for the Applicable Ages, Volume 9: Digestive Diseases in Children and Adolescents – Normal Stools, p. 00: O-shaped Legs and X-shaped Legs, etc.
● Please consult with a pediatrician for diagnosis, treatment, and consultation as needed. If you have any further questions, please contact us again. Thank you.
Greetings while posting at http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee. The above article is from www.koreapediatrics.com, Parents Should Become Half-Doctors Too
Volume 16: Pediatrics and Adolescents (0-18 Years Old)
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine of Children and Adolescents
The following are Lee Sang-won’s writings and books:
1. http://www.koreapediatrics.com/Parents Should Become Anti-Doctors Too – Approximately 20,000 pages. 13412 Title, 2013, Pediatrics website operated by Lee Sang-won
2. Encyclopedia of Pediatric Family Medicine – 618 pages, published in 1988
3. Encyclopedia of Pediatric Family Nursing – Parents Should Become Semi-Doctors, too – 1076 pages, published by Cheongmun-gak in 1998
4. Growth, Development, and Parenting for Newborns, Infants, Toddlers, School-Age Children, and Adolescents – 623 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
5. Growth and Development of Newborns: Healthy Diseases, 610 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
6. Breastfeeding: Reasons for Breastfeeding, 308 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
7. Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents: 100 Questions and Answers, 240 pages, published by Good Land in 2015
8. From Pregnancy to Caring for a Newborn, approximately 300 pages, published by Cheongmun-gak in 1998
9. Loving My Son and Daughter This Way Raise Yourself, 210 pages, translated by a world-renowned classic by Dr. Ross Campbell, published by Seomundang in 1988
11. Drugs and Children, approximately 200 pages, published in 1988
12. Raise Your Son or Daughter with Unconditional, True Love, and Character Education This Way, published by Yangseo-gak in 2016 Published 647 pages
13. https://www.flickr.com/people/drleesangwon
14. http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee
15. https://www.facebook.com/drleesangwon
16. Pediatric of Norekyorkea.net
17. Other
Most of the content of the above posting is from www.koreapediatrics.com. Although it has a professional aspect, I believe it will be very helpful in raising children and adolescents. However, the information here cannot replace the information, diagnosis, and treatment you get from your doctor. None. www.koreapediatrics.com Parents should also become semi-doctors.
Author’s Calendar – Graduated from Yonsei University College of Medicine, 2 years of medical service in a village without a doctor, and 3 years of service as a military doctor in the Republic of Korea.
Residency in Pediatrics at UCONN School of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Specialist in Pediatrics in the United States, Pediatrician Specialist in Korea.
American Top Pediatrician 2002-2005, Medical License #016370 in the State of Connecticut, USA, Medical License #7794 in Korea.
Copyrightⓒ 2017 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
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Copyright drleepediatrics.com 2/23/2026