http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee에 글을 올리면서 인사드립니다.위 글은 www.koreapediatrics.com 부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다
제16권 소아청소년(0~18세)
정형외과 질환 및 스포츠 의학
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine of Children and Adolescents에서 퍼온 글입니다.
다음은 이상원의 저작 및 저서
1. http://www.koreapediatrics.com/부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다–약 20,000여 쪽. 13412 제목, 2013년 출시 소아과 웹사이트 이상원 운영
2.소아가정의학 백과-618쪽, 1988년 출간
3.소아가정간호백과–부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다-1076쪽, 1998년 청문각 출간
4.신생아 영유아 학령기아 사춘기아 성장발육 육아-623쪽 2014년 좋은땅 출간
5.신생아 성장 발육 양호 질병, 610쪽 2014년 좋은땅 출간
6.모유 모유수유 이유 308쪽, 2014년 좋은땅 출간
7.소아청소년 뇌전증(간질)+뇌전증 백문 백답, 240쪽 2015년 좋은땅 출간
8.임신에서 신생아 돌보기까지, 약 300쪽 1998년 청문각 출간
9.아들 딸 이렇게 사랑해서 키우세요, 210쪽 역저 전 세계 명작 Ross Campbell 의학박사 저 1988년 서문당 출간
11.마약과 아이들 약 200쪽 , 1988년 출간
12.아들 딸 조건 없는 진정한 사랑으로 키우세요 그리고 인성교육은 이렇게 2016년 양서각 출간 647쪽
13.”https://www.flickr.com/people/drleesangwon
14.http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee
15,https://www.facebook.com/drleesangwon
16.Newyorkkorea.netd의 Pediatric columnist
17.그 외
위 포스팅 내용의 대부분은 www.koreapediatrics.com에 있는 내용들입니다. 전문적인 면도 있지만 소아청소년 자녀 양육에 많은 도움이 되리라고 믿습니다. 그러나 여기에 있는 정보는 여러분의 의사로부터 얻는 정보와 치료를 대신할 수 없습니다. www.koreapediatrics.com 부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다
저자의 양력–연세대학교 의과대학 졸업, 무의촌 2년간 의료봉사 및 대한민국 군의관 3년 근무
미국 커네티컷 UCONN 의과대학, 예일대학교 의과대학 소아과 수련, 미국 소아과 전문의, 한국 소아청소년과 전문의
American Top pediatrician 2002~2005, 미국 커네티컷 주 의사면허증 #016370, 한국 의사면허증 #7794
Copyrightⓒ 2017 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
■ 검색을 통해 찾고자 하시는 정보를 찾아보세요.
Copyright drleepediatrics.com 2/23/2026
Flatfoot
For more information, please visit drleepediatrics.com. Search
For more information, please visit drleepediatrics.com and search.
▴ Photo 76. Most infants and toddlers have naturally flat feet. While flat feet may appear, it is normal for the arch to become more pronounced as they grow. Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 77. While flat feet may appear, it is normal for the arch to become more pronounced as they grow. Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 78. A 9-month-old infant can be seen standing with a normal arch (→).
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 79. A 10-month-old infant can be seen standing with a normal arch.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 80. When the foot is lifted off the floor and the foot is relaxed, a normal arch can be seen. However, when the foot is placed on the floor and weight is applied to the foot, the arch flattens, similar to a flat foot without an arch. When the ligaments, tendons, and muscles of the ankle and foot are weak and the foot is forced to stand, the foot can flatten, similar to a flat foot without an arch. This type of flat foot is called physiological flat foot.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 81. Infants and toddlers with congenital weak ankle muscles or ligaments may have normal arches in their feet. However, when they stand, the arches may appear to be absent and the soles may appear flat. As shown in the photo, when the foot is lifted off the ground, the original arches reappear. This type of flat foot is called physiological flat foot.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 82. Abnormal plantar arches (arches) caused by spinal tumors
This child came to the pediatrics department for a pediatric checkup and was found to have unusually high arches in the soles of his feet. After the examination, he was diagnosed with a spinal tumor.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
▴ Photo 83. Abnormal Plantar Arches Caused by Spinal Tumors
This child was diagnosed with an abnormally high plantar arch during a pediatric checkup and subsequently diagnosed with a spinal tumor.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, M.D. FAAP
■ Causes of Flatfoot (Platymphomata)
● A foot without any arch is called a platypus, flatfoot, or flat foot.
● Most newborns, infants, and preschool-aged children have naturally flat or slightly arched feet.
● Physiological flatfoot, or flat feet, is a condition that occurs physiologically without any underlying foot problems.
● When infants, toddlers, and pre-adolescent children with normal arches stand with their full weight on both feet, the soles of the feet often flatten, appearing flat, as if there were no arch at all. When there’s an abnormality in the ankle or foot bones:
● When ligaments or tendons in the foot or ankle are congenitally weak or sagging;
● When there’s an abnormality in the muscles of the ankle or foot;
● When nerves in the ankle or foot are paralyzed, flat feet can develop,
● Sometimes, the arches can become abnormally large.
● A spinal tumor can cause the arches to become abnormally large.
■ Symptoms and Signs of Flat Feet
● Some parents bring their children aged 1 to 4 to the pediatrician’s office and ask, “Please examine their feet to see if they have flat feet.” From birth to kindergarten, most newborns and infants have arches when lying down or sitting.
● When standing barefoot, it’s common for the arches to disappear and the soles of the feet to become flat. ● However, when the same infants and toddlers lift their feet off the floor and stand, the arches reappear normally and clearly, preventing the soles from appearing flat. This means the presence of an arch is visible.
● It is normal for healthy infants and toddlers with arches to lose most of their arches while standing.
● This type of flatfoot is called a physiological flatfoot.
● The muscles, ligaments, and tendons in the feet of infants and toddlers are normally weak.
● Infants and toddlers do not need to stand or walk much,
● and only walk a short distance.
● Furthermore, because the soles of their feet are plump and fleshy, the arches may appear to be absent altogether.
● It is also normal for the arches to temporarily disappear while the infant is standing, supporting the entire body weight with a distinct arch.
● As infants grow and begin to walk more, the arches naturally and distinctly expand on the soles of their feet, a sign of normal growth and development. This type of flatfoot also falls under the category of physiological flatfoot.
Physiological flatfoot in children ages 1 to 4 should not be treated with shoes.
There is no need to use shoe pads to widen the arches.
By the age of 4 to 5, children will begin to walk a lot, run, and engage in other physical activities, so a distinct and normal arch will form on the soles of their feet where physiological flatfoot exists.
Just as children’s heights vary, the size of their arches also varies slightly from child to child.
ㅐㅐㅐㅐㅐㅐㅐㅐㅐㅐㅐㅐㅐ
Just as children vary in height, the size of the arches in their feet also varies slightly within each individual.
About 1 in 7 infants and school-age children, ages 4-5, may have flat soles with minimal arches.
This is also generally normal.
■ Diagnosis of Flatfoot (Flat Feet/Platy Feet)
● Flatfoot is diagnosed based on a combination of medical history, symptoms, and physical examination findings.
● In rare cases, it is diagnosed with an X-ray of the foot.
● Although the foot normally has an arch, the sole often appears flat when walking or standing, as if the arch is completely absent.
● In such infants and school-age children, the presence or absence of an arch can be diagnosed by observing the normal, distinct arch of the foot while standing on the forefoot and toes or while lifting the foot off the ground. ● However, when the foot is lifted off the ground and the arch is clearly visible, the sole of the foot flattens again, and the arch almost disappears, giving the foot a flat-footed appearance.
■ Treatment for Flat Feet (Flat Feet/Flat Feet)
● Physiological flat feet, which are common in infants and toddlers due to their young and fragile feet, do not require any treatment.
● Abnormally shaped pathological flat feet can be treated by inserting cushions into the soles of shoes, but the effectiveness of such treatments is uncertain.
● If flat feet cause significant foot or ankle pain after excessive walking or exercise, or if the soles of the feet are unusually stiff, the cause should be identified and appropriately treated.
● In reality, flat feet requiring such treatment are extremely rare.
● However, if the arches of the feet are excessively high, a medical diagnosis and treatment are essential.
● (See Photos 82 and 83)
● Most flat feet are physiological flat feet, which occur normally. ● In photos 82 and 83, the arches on the soles of the feet were normal until the age of four.
● This is a case where the arches developed significantly thereafter.
● A spinal tumor was diagnosed after a detailed examination and testing.
I am writing this post at http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee. The above article is from www.koreapediatrics.com, “Parents Should Become Half-Doctors Too,” Volume 16, Pediatrics and Adolescents (Ages 0-18), Orthopedics and Sports Medicine of Children and Adolescents.
The following are Lee Sang-won’s works and books:
1. http://www.koreapediatrics.com/Parents Should Become Half-Doctors Too – Approximately 20,000 pages. 13412 Title, 2013, Pediatrics website operated by Lee Sang-won
2. Encyclopedia of Pediatric Family Medicine – 618 pages, published in 1988
3. Encyclopedia of Pediatric Family Nursing – Parents Should Become Half-Doctors Too – 1076 pages, published by Cheongmun-gak in 1998
4. Growth, Development, and Parenting for Newborns, Infants, Toddlers, School-Age Children, and Adolescents – 623 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
5. Growth and Development: Healthy Diseases in Newborns, 610 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
6. Breastfeeding: Reasons for Breastfeeding, 308 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
7. Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents: 100 Questions and Answers, 240 pages, published by Good Land in 2015
8. From Pregnancy to Newborn Care, approximately 300 pages, published by Cheongmun-gak in 1998
9. Raise Your Son or Daughter with Love Like This 210 pages, translated and translated by Dr. Ross Campbell, a world-renowned classic, published by Seomundang in 1988.
11. Drugs and Children, approximately 200 pages, published in 1988.
12. Raise Your Son or Daughter with Unconditional, True Love, and This is How Character Education Works, published by Yangseo-gak in 2016. Page 647
13. https://www.flickr.com/people/drleesangwon
14. http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee
15. https://www.facebook.com/drleesangwon
16. Pediartric of Newyorkea.netd
17. Other
Most of the content of the above posting is from www.koreapediatrics.com. Although it has a professional aspect, I believe it will be very helpful in raising children and adolescents. However, the information here cannot replace the information and treatment you get from your doctor. www.koreapediatrics.com Parents should also be half-doctors Author’s Solar Calendar: Graduated from Yonsei University College of Medicine, served two years as a medical volunteer in a medical village, and served three years as a military doctor in the Republic of Korea.
Residency in Pediatrics at UCONNECTICUT School of Medicine and Yale University School of Medicine, resident in pediatrics in the US, resident in pediatrics in Korea.
American Top Pediatrician 2002–2005, Connecticut Medical License #016370, Korean Medical License #7794.
Copyrightⓒ 2017 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
■ Search to find the information you’re looking for.
Copyright drleepediatrics.com 2/23/2026