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위 글은 부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다 www.koreapediatrics.com 이해하기 쉽고 실용적이고 방대한 최신 정보
부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다. 제 8권 소아청소년(0~18세) 호흡기 질병
Respiratory Diseases of Children and Adolescents에서 퍼온 글입니다.
다음은 이상원의 저작 및 저서
1. http://www.koreapediatrics.com/부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다–약 20,000여 쪽. 13412 제목, 2013년 출시 소아과 웹사이트 이상원 운영
2.소아가정의학 백과-618쪽, 1988년 출간
3.소아가정간호백과–부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다-1076쪽, 1998년 청문각 출간
4.신생아 영유아 학령기아 사춘기아 성장발육 육아-623쪽 2014년 좋은땅 출간
5.신생아 성장 발육 양호 질병, 610쪽 2014년 좋은땅 출간
6.모유 모유수유 이유 308쪽, 2014년 좋은땅 출간
7.소아청소년 뇌전증(간질)+뇌전증 백문 백답, 240쪽 2015년 좋은땅 출간
8.임신에서 신생아 돌보기까지, 약 300쪽 1998년 청문각 출간
9.아들 딸 이렇게 사랑해서 키우세요, 210쪽 역저 전 세계 명작 Ross Campbell 의학박사 저 1988년 서문당 출간
11.마약과 아이들 약 200쪽 , 1988년 출간
12.아들 딸 조건 없는 진정한 사랑으로 키우세요 그리고 인성교육은 이렇게 2016년 양서각 출간 647쪽
13.”https://www.flickr.com/people/drleesangwon
14.http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee
15,https://www.facebook.com/drleesangwon
16.Newyorkkorea.netd의 Pediatric columnist
17.그 외
위 포스팅 내용의 대부분은 www.koreapediatrics.com에 있는 내용들입니다. 전문적인 면도 있지만 소아청소년 자녀 양육에 많은 도움이 되리라고 믿습니다. 그러나 여기에 있는 정보는 여러분의 의사로부터 얻는 정보 진단 치료를 대신할 수 없습니다. www.koreapediatrics.com 부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다
저자의 양력–연세대학교 의과대학 졸업, 무의촌 2년간 의료봉사 및 대한민국 군의관 3년 근무
미국 커네티컷 UCONN 의과대학, 예일대학교 의과대학 소아과 수련, 미국 소아과 전문의, 한국 소아청소년과 전문의
American Top pediatrician 2002~2005, 미국 커네티컷 주 의사면허증 #016370, 한국 의사면허증 #7794
Copyrightⓒ 2017 John Sangwon Lee,MD.FAAP
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Acute Tonsillitis
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Parents Also Seek Medical Care
Acute Tonsillitis
Acute Tonsillitis
■ Overview of Acute Tonsillitis
● Anatomically, the pharynx and tonsils are adjacent to each other within the narrow pharyngeal cavity.
● Therefore, when a virus, bacteria, or other pathogen enters the pharyngeal cavity, it usually infects only one area, the pharynx or tonsils, without causing an infection.
● Usually, infections do not occur solely in the pharynx or tonsils, but rather infect both the pharynx and tonsils simultaneously. Therefore, it is common for pharyngitis and tonsillitis to occur simultaneously. For this reason, instead of separate diagnoses like pharyngitis or tonsillitis, the diagnosis of pharyngotonsillitis is used. See Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis.
Acute tonsillitis occurs when bacteria or viruses primarily infect the tonsils, causing an acute infection. Chronic tonsillitis occurs when the tonsils become chronically infected.
Also, when acute infections occur simultaneously in both the tonsils and pharyngotonsillitis, it is called acute pharyngotonsillitis.
As previously explained, most viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens that invade the pharynx do not cause separate infections in the pharynx or tonsils. They often occur simultaneously in both the pharynx and tonsils.
In fact, in most cases, acute pharyngitis and acute tonsillitis are caused by the same viral or bacterial infection. However, sometimes, only pharyngitis is diagnosed, and sometimes, only tonsillitis is diagnosed. Sometimes, a diagnosis of pharyngotonsillitis is made.
● Acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, and acute pharyngotonsillitis are not separate infections. While they are often diagnosed as different infections, in most cases, the same infection is often given different clinical names. This often leads to confusion among parents, patients, and doctors.
● Note that the tonsils and the tonsils are the same, so tonsillitis and tonsillitis are the same disease.
■ Causes of Acute Tonsillitis
Acute tonsillitis is most commonly caused by various viral infections or group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infections.
Rarely, tonsillitis can be caused by bacterial infections such as group B hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae type B.
However, infections other than group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus are extremely rare.
■ Signs and Symptoms of Acute Tonsillitis
▴ Figure 72. Comparison of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus and Viral Pharyngotonsillitis
Used with permission from Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ, USA and the Pediatric Family Nursing Encyclopedia
▴ Figure 71. Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus Grown on Blood Agar
The absence of bacterial growth on the culture plate surrounding the Antibiotic A disk easily indicates whether the group A streptococcus is a beta-hemolytic streptococcus or another type of bacteria.
The presence of hemolysis in the blood culture plate with the group A streptococcus colony indicates whether the group A streptococcus is a beta-hemolytic streptococcus.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD, FAAP
● Signs and symptoms of acute tonsillitis vary depending on the causative organism, age, etiology, duration of illness, and the presence or absence of complications.
● The symptoms and signs of acute viral tonsillitis are very similar to those of acute viral pharyngitis or the common cold. See p.00 Acute Viral Pharyngitis.
● This section primarily discusses acute tonsillitis caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection.
● Acute tonsillitis caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection (Group A streptococcus infection/Group A streptococcus infection) can be considered almost identical to acute pharyngitis caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection. Therefore, the symptoms, signs, and treatments for these two infections are almost identical.
● When comparing viral tonsillitis and Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus tonsillitis, the tonsils in Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection are generally larger, more swollen, and more inflamed, whereas the tonsils in viral tonsillitis are less swollen, less red, and less inflamed (see Figure 72).
▴ Photo 73. Severe Acute Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Tonsillitis
Copyright Ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD. FDDP
▴ Photo 74. Severe Acute Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Tonsillitis
Copyright Ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD. FDDP
● Acute Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Tonsillitis typically begins more suddenly than acute viral tonsillitis and is characterized by fever, headache, body aches, chills, and a sore, more painful throat.
● Throat pain is worse when swallowing saliva or food.
● There is minimal nasal discharge, minimal nasal congestion, and minimal coughing.
● Unless acute Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Tonsillitis is treated with appropriate antibiotics early, the sore throat, tonsillitis, and tonsil swelling are common.
● The cervical lymph nodes just below the jaw on both sides may become reactive and swollen and painful.
● Children with acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis often appear much sicker than those with acute viral tonsillitis, and they often become toxic.
● Occasionally, patients with acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis may not complain of a sore throat but instead vomit and complain of abdominal pain.
● In some cases, the symptoms are primarily fever and aching limbs without a sore throat.
● They may have a decreased appetite, stop eating, and become dehydrated.
● If appropriately treated with antibiotics in the early stages of acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis, all symptoms will disappear within 2-3 days of starting treatment, and the patient may appear almost completely recovered.
● However, if acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis is not treated promptly, it can lead to various life-threatening complications, including sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic carditis, and acute glomerulonephritis.
● There are several types of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Some types of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci can cause acute tonsillitis, while others can cause scarlet fever.
● [Parents Should Become Half-Doctors Too – Pediatric Family Nursing Encyclopedia] – Volume 7, Pediatric and Adolescent Infectious Diseases – Scarlet Fever (Refer to Scarlet Fever).
■ Diagnosis of Acute Tonsillitis
This disease can be diagnosed relatively easily based on a comprehensive review of medical history, symptoms, signs, and physical examination findings. However, in the early stages of the disease, it is often difficult to clinically differentiate whether it is acute viral tonsillitis, acute viral pharyngotonsillitis, acute viral upper respiratory infection, acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis, or another infectious disease.
A differential diagnosis can be made easily by swabbing a small amount of mucus from the tonsils, or the pharynx, or the mucosal layer of the tonsils, and performing a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test (“streptococcus culture/streptococcus test”) or a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test.
A negative result from these tests allows for a presumptive diagnosis of acute tonsillitis or pharyngitis caused by a viral infection.
Due to recent vaccination programs, diphtheria tonsillitis is now a rare condition. Therefore, if children and adolescents who have been vaccinated with the recommended diphtheria vaccine develop a fever and sore throat, it is highly unlikely that they have diphtheria tonsillitis.
It is sometimes difficult to clinically differentiate between viral mononucleosis (mono pharyngotonsillitis) caused by EBV infection and acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis or pharyngotonsillitis.
However, these two infections can be easily differentiated based on a comprehensive medical history, symptoms, and physical findings, as well as by a complete blood count (CBC), mono serologic test, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacterial culture, and group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal antigen-antibody agglutination test.
■ Treatment of Acute Tonsillitis
● Acute tonsillitis or pharyngitis caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci is easily cured with penicillin, erythromycin, or another appropriate antibiotic.
● Recently, acute tonsillitis caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci that is not treatable with penicillin or erythromycin has been reported frequently.
● If you are allergic to penicillin, treat acute Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis with erythromycin or another non-penicillin antibiotic.
● Terramycin and sulfa drugs are not used to treat acute Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis.
● Chloramphenicol is not used for treatment due to the potential for life-threatening drug side effects, such as aplastic anemia.
● If you have a fever, headache, muscle pain, or a sore throat, treat with an antipyretic or analgesic such as Tylenol or Motrin.
● Treating acute viral tonsillitis or pharyngitis with antibiotics will not be effective and can actually cause side effects.
● Therefore, viral tonsillitis, pharyngitis, or a cold should not be treated with antibiotics.
● Acute viral tonsillitis or pharyngitis is treated symptomatically, based on the symptoms that occur at the time.
● Secondary bacterial infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, or pneumonia can occur during acute viral tonsillitis. These secondary bacterial infections are treated with appropriate antibiotics.
● Most cases of acute viral tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis resolve spontaneously within 3 to 14 days, unless a secondary bacterial infection develops.
● However, EB virus tonsillitis (infectious mono) can persist for anywhere from 7 days to several weeks. ● When suffering from acute viral tonsillitis or pharyngitis, or acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis or pharyngitis, ensure physical and mental stability and provide frequent small portions of liquid or semi-liquid food, such as barley tea, fruit juice, or meat broth, before gradually transitioning to solid food.
■ Isolation of children with acute tonsillitis
● Isolation is no longer necessary 24 hours after starting appropriate antibiotic treatment for acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis.
There is no vaccine.
The following is an example of a Q&A from the online Pediatric and Adolescent Health Counseling service regarding “Causes of Fever in Children and Fever of Unknown Origin.”
Q&A. Causes of Fever in Children and Fever of Unknown Origin
Q.
I am writing this with a very heavy heart.
I am a mother of a daughter born in November 1996. Perhaps because she was not breastfed at all, she has suffered from a fever almost every month since birth. The local pediatrician said there wasn’t anything wrong and didn’t recommend a general hospital checkup, so I figured it wasn’t a serious illness, so I just followed the prescription. But when my child is sick, he has a very high fever. He’s sick for about five days on average. It doesn’t take long for the fever to go down with ibuprofen syrup. He says he’s fine, but I wonder if he’s really okay!
FYI, he usually plays too much and doesn’t eat much, so he weighs about 16kg.
I think it’s his tonsils… He always complains of a sore throat when he has a fever. I’ve even taken some medicine at the Oriental Medicine Clinic. They say it’s just his body temperature, so don’t worry, but for a six-year-old, suffering from a fever every month like this is really concerning.
I’m also considering tonsil surgery. I really appreciate your response…
A.
Ippeunnim
● Hello. Thank you for your valuable question. I apologize for the delayed response due to computer issues. ● More detailed information about your child’s age, gender, past medical history, family medical history, physical examination findings, and clinical tests would be helpful in answering your question. However, I will provide an answer based on the information you have provided.
● Fever can be caused by localized viral infections affecting an organ or tissue in any system of the body, localized bacterial infections, systemic infections caused by other pathogens, leukemia, cancer, rheumatic fever, or medication side effects.
● The most common causes of fever are localized infections, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic viral infections, or bacterial infections.
● It’s important to determine which pathogen is causing the infection and where in the body it’s affecting, and treat accordingly.
● I understand your daughter’s fever was caused by acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis (acute pharyngotonsillitis).
● The most common pathogen causing acute pharyngotonsillitis is viruses, followed by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.
● Symptoms and signs of acute viral pharyngotonsillitis may vary slightly depending on the type of virus, but are similar to those of a cold.
● Symptoms and signs of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis are characterized by a sore throat, fever, and worsening pain if not treated with appropriate antibiotics.
● Acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis is usually rare in infants and children under 3 years of age. ● Acute viral pharyngotonsillitis and acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis can be differentially diagnosed based on symptoms, signs, and physical examination. However, a positive result from a swab of mucus from the pharynx and tonsils for a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test or a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test (streptolysis test/streptoculture) can almost certainly confirm the diagnosis of acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis.
● The next time your child has a sore throat and a fever, examine their pharynx and tonsils under a flashlight and have them visit a pediatrician for a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test (streptolysis test) to confirm the diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis.
● Otherwise, have a pediatrician perform a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test. ● Also, when a child has a sore throat, parents can presume acute pharyngotonsillitis by examining the child’s pharynx and tonsils with a light and seeing that they are red and swollen.
● Then, they should seek medical attention for diagnosis and treatment.
● Parents should practice becoming a quasi-doctor by examining the child’s pharynx and tonsils and making a diagnosis.
● Therefore, it would be beneficial for parents to be aware of the normal or abnormal structure of their child’s oropharynx and tonsils.
● There is a condition called peritonsillar abscess, and it is common for it to recur after a single episode.
● This condition is usually treated with tonsillectomy.
● You should also suspect that your child may have this condition.
● Be sure to perform a urine test when your child is healthy and well, and before prescribing antibiotics if they have a fever.
● Your child may have a fever due to a urinary tract infection.
● For further details, please consult with your child’s doctor and teacher when your child is not sick.
● [Parents Should Become Half-Doctors – Encyclopedia of Pediatric Home Nursing] – Vol. 21 Pediatric and Adolescent Home Nursing – Fever,
● Vol. 7 Pediatric and Adolescent Infectious Diseases – Fever of Unknown Cause,
● p. 00 Common Cold, p. 00 Pharyngeal Tonsillitis. Please refer to Vol. 10 Pediatric and Adolescent Kidney and Urinary Diseases, Urinary Tract Infections, etc.
● Please consult a pediatrician/adolescent clinic for diagnosis, treatment, and consultation. If you have any further questions, please contact us again. Thank you. Sincerely, Lee Sang-won.
The following is an example of a Q&A from the online Pediatric and Adolescent Health Counseling service regarding “Tonsillar Abscess, Tonsillitis, and Tonsil Surgery.”
Q&A. Tonsil Abscess, Tonsillitis, and Tonsil Surgery
Q.
I have another question…
My daughter, who asked question 948, is . I have read your answers carefully several times.
My daughter is in excellent condition these days, perhaps because of the hot weather. Last year, my child didn’t get sick for two months, August and September. Now that the cold weather is slowly starting to blow, I’m worried that he might get sick again… but I keep having questions. Are the tonsillar abscesses you mentioned difficult to diagnose with the naked eye? And if my child tests positive for a bacterial abscess, will he need a tonsillectomy? And is a bacterial abscess test easily performed at a local pediatric clinic? What steps should I take if my child tests positive for a virus instead of a bacterial abscess? As the local pediatrician said, will the illnesses decrease as he grows older? Incidentally, my child doesn’t tend to sleep with his mouth open, drool, or make nasal sounds, which are common symptoms of children with enlarged tonsils. He does occasionally grind his teeth when he sleeps, and he grinds them very hard when he’s in pain. People around me advised me not to get surgery, so I recently had my child diligently given medication at a pediatric oriental medicine clinic. My dream is to see my child gain weight without getting seriously ill. My mother and I occasionally suffer from tonsillitis. Is this a genetic condition? My child’s father and I are both healthy and have never suffered from any illnesses.
Thank you very much for your answer, and I’d appreciate it if you could answer again. Thank you for your hard work.
A.
Ippeunnim
Hello. Thank you for your question.
While it’s ideal to diagnose and treat your child based on a comprehensive analysis of your child’s age and gender, past and present family medical history, symptoms and signs, physical examination findings, and appropriate clinical tests, I will consider the information you provided.
The following are my answers to your questions.
2 … ● When you shine a light on an abscessed tonsil and look into the pharynx with the naked eye, the tonsil is red and swollen, the throat is narrow, the uvula is red and swollen, the uvula is pushed to the opposite side of the abscessed tonsil, and the soft palate on that side is pushed forward by the swollen tonsil.
● The severity of these symptoms and signs varies slightly depending on the severity of the tonsillary abscess.
● When there is group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis, the pharynx can also be infected with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, and it is common for both tonsils to be infected simultaneously.
● When there is only tonsillitis, the tonsils may swell and enlarge to some extent, but when there is an abscess in the tonsil, the tonsils usually swell and enlarge more.
● If a tonsillar abscess bursts, pus can drain into the throat. The bacteria causing the abscess can spread and infect the pharynx, larynx, and trachea, potentially causing infections there as well.
● The submandibular lymph nodes on the side of the tonsillar abscess may become very swollen and painful.
● When a tonsillar abscess has progressed to this extent, parents can easily suspect this condition by examining the area in and around their child’s throat.
Q.
If my child’s test for Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus is positive, does a tonsillectomy become necessary?
A.
● When a tonsillar abscess, tonsillitis, or pharyngitis is diagnosed with Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus, a positive result is usually obtained from a Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test or a Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus bacterial culture test.
● The results of the group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test are 85-95% accurate and can be obtained within 5-10 minutes.
● The group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test (streptococcus test) has a diagnostic accuracy of approximately 95% and can usually be obtained within 24 hours.
● These two tests can be easily performed at your local pediatric clinic.
● These two diagnostic methods can easily identify the bacteria causing the tonsillar abscess.
● Regardless of whether the group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test or antigen-antibody agglutination test results are positive or negative, depending on the extent of the tonsillar abscess, the tonsillar abscess is usually treated with antibiotics, followed by surgical drainage. After the acute tonsillar abscess has completely resolved, elective tonsillectomy is usually performed.
● Depending on the severity of the tonsillar abscess, the abscess can be incised, drained, and treated with antibiotics. Alternatively, the abscess can be drained with a needle and treated with antibiotics. Alternatively, antibiotics alone can be used without drainage.
● Some doctors suggest that tonsillectomy can be used to treat recurrent tonsillitis in children who have had multiple previous tonsillitis episodes. However, this recommendation is not 100% supported.
● However, a tonsillectomy is recommended if a child has had a previous tonsillar abscess.
● Some doctors also recommend a tonsillectomy if enlarged tonsils cause difficulty breathing. A tonsillar ultrasound examination is very helpful in diagnosing a tonsillar abscess.
Q.
Is the group A bacteriological test easily available at a local pediatric clinic?
A.
● It is easily available.
● The Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test can be easily performed at your local pediatrician’s office, much like a urine chemistry test.
● It will likely become a test that parents can perform at home in the future.
● American pediatricians are readily offering this test, if necessary. A single test costs about 20,000 to 30,000 won.
● This is a major problem.
● While almost all pediatricians used to perform the Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus bacterial culture test, these days, the Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test is primarily performed.
● The Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus bacterial culture test requires a warmer and a Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus blood agar plate, making it somewhat inconvenient.
● However, the results of the Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus culture test are more diagnostically accurate than the results of the Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test. ● These two methods are somewhat complicated, but they can be performed in any pediatric clinic.
● [Parents Should Become Half-Doctors – Pediatric and Family Nursing Encyclopedia] – Volume 7, Pediatric and Adolescent Infectious Diseases – Scarlet Fever, Infectious Diseases Caused by Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus.
● Please refer to Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus Pharyngotonsillitis, etc.
Q.
What should I do if my child tests positive for a virus, not a Streptococcus?
A.
● In most cases, pharyngitis accompanied by a sore throat, fever, and body aches is most often caused by a viral infection, with Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus pharyngotonsillitis being the cause.
● In infants and children under 3 years of age with fever, runny nose, and sore throat, the most common cause of tonsillitis or pharyngotonsillitis is a viral upper respiratory infection or viral pharyngotonsillitis. ● Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis is effectively treated with antibiotics.
● If this condition is not treated appropriately and timely with antibiotics, it can lead to rheumatic fever, rheumatic carditis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other secondary bacterial infections, which can be severe. Viral pharyngotonsillitis is treated symptomatically, depending on the symptoms.
● If a fever develops, treat with Tylenol, physical and mental rest, and dietary restrictions.
● Viral pharyngotonsillitis varies in severity and course depending on the type of virus, but it usually resolves spontaneously within 4 to 10 days.
● However, some cases of pharyngotonsillitis caused by infectious mononucleosis (mono) may persist for longer.
● Acute viral pharyngotonsillitis is not treated with antibiotics.
Q.
As my local pediatrician said, do children get sick less often as they grow older?
A.
● Generally, that’s correct.
● Hundreds of viruses can cause infections in the digestive and respiratory systems of children and adolescents.
● When a virus infects the upper respiratory tract, such as the nose, adenoids, tonsils, pharynx, or paranasal sinuses, infants and young children who are not immune to the virus can develop upper respiratory infections.
● In particular, children who have been raised at home often contract these viral infections more frequently as they begin attending daycare, kindergarten, or school.
● As they grow older and develop immunity to these various viral infections, they become less sick and less susceptible to these infections.
Q.
Children with enlarged adenoids have difficulty breathing through their noses, so they tend to sleep with their mouths open, make nasal sounds, and grind their teeth, and they may have a facial shape called an adenoid type. Is this related to allergies?
A.
● That’s correct.
Q.
Are there any standards for tonsillectomy?
A.
● There are some standards for tonsillectomy.
Please refer to p.00, Tonsillectomy.
Q.
My mother and I occasionally suffer from tonsillitis. Is this a genetic condition?
A.
● Tonsil abscesses and tonsillitis are not hereditary.
● Please contact me again if you have any further questions. Thank you.
Sangwon Lee
Greetings from this blog post: http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee The above article is from “Parents Should Become Anti-Doctors Too” www.koreapediatrics.com Easy-to-understand, practical, and extensive up-to-date information.
Parents Should Become Anti-Doctors Too. Volume 8, Respiratory Diseases of Children and Adolescents (0-18 years old).
The following is a selection of works and books by Lee Sang-won.
1. http://www.koreapediatrics.com/Parents Should Become Anti-Doctors Too – Approximately 20,000 pages. 13412 Title, 2013, Pediatrics website operated by Lee Sang-won
2. Encyclopedia of Pediatric Family Medicine – 618 pages, published in 1988
3. Encyclopedia of Pediatric Family Nursing – Parents Should Become Semi-Doctors, too – 1076 pages, published by Cheongmun-gak in 1998
4. Growth, Development, and Parenting for Newborns, Infants, Toddlers, School-Age Children, and Adolescents – 623 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
5. Growth and Development of Newborns: Healthy Diseases, 610 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
6. Breastfeeding: Reasons for Breastfeeding, 308 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
7. Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents: 100 Questions and Answers, 240 pages, published by Good Land in 2015
8. From Pregnancy to Caring for a Newborn, approximately 300 pages, published by Cheongmun-gak in 1998
9. Loving My Son and Daughter This Way Raise Yourself, 210 pages, translated by a world-renowned classic by Dr. Ross Campbell, published by Seomundang in 1988
11. Drugs and Children, approximately 200 pages, published in 1988
12. Raise Your Son or Daughter with Unconditional, True Love, and Character Education This Way, published by Yangseo-gak in 2016 Published 647 pages
13. https://www.flickr.com/people/drleesangwon
14. http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee
15. https://www.facebook.com/drleesangwon
16. Pediatric of Newyorkea.net
17. Other
Most of the content of the above posting is from www.koreapediatrics.com. Although it has a professional aspect, I believe it will be very helpful in raising children and adolescents. However, the information here cannot replace the information, diagnosis, and treatment you get from your doctor. None. www.koreapediatrics.com Parents should also become semi-doctors.
Author’s Calendar: Graduated from Yonsei University College of Medicine, served two years of medical service in a village without a doctor, and worked as a military doctor in the Republic of Korea for three years.
Residency in Pediatrics at UCONN School of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, U.S. Pediatrician, Korean Pediatrician
American Top Pediatrician 2002-2005, U.S. Connecticut Medical License #016370, Korean Medical License #7794
Copyrightⓒ 2017 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
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