Drug Allergy
Drug Allergy
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■ Overview of Drug Allergies
● When receiving medication,
1. Drug allergy,
2. Drug side effects,
3. Drug adverse reactions,
4. Other “drug problems” may also occur.
● When receiving medication, the four harmful reactions described above can occur in the body (see [Parents Should Become Anti-Doctors Too – Pediatric Home Nursing Encyclopedia] – Vol. 21, Pediatric and Adolescent Home Nursing – Drugs).
● An antigen-antibody immune reaction during medication is called a drug allergy.
● When receiving any type of medication, there is a possibility of developing a drug allergy.
● Drug allergy is also called drug allergy, drug allergy, drug-induced allergy, or drug-induced allergy.
The following adverse reactions may occur when taking medication:
● Drug allergies can occur through the type 1 IgE-mediated mechanism. An example is penicillin anaphylaxis.
● Drug allergies can occur through the non-type 1 IgE-mediated mechanism. An example is drug-induced hemolytic anemia.
● In some cases, it is unclear whether a drug allergy is caused by the type 1 IgE-mediated mechanism or the non-type 1 IgE-mediated mechanism.
● Sometimes it is difficult to clearly distinguish between a drug allergy and a drug side effect.
● Sometimes it is unclear whether a drug allergy or a drug side effect occurs.
● Drug anaphylaxis (reaction) is a type of immediate drug allergy caused by the type 1 IgE-mediated mechanism.
● Anaphylaxis can cause hives, itching, laryngeal spasm and edema, bronchospasm, cardiovascular failure, and sometimes death. ● Drug allergies due to immune complexes can also occur. An example is serum reactions.
● Delayed drug allergies can also occur. An example is contact dermatitis.
■ Drug allergy and drug side effects
● When receiving medication, side effects are defined as drug-related problems or undesirable pharmacological effects that occur in addition to the desired therapeutic effects.
● For example, bleeding may occur when treating certain conditions with heparin.
● Bleeding is a heparin side effect. See Drug side effects.
● Drug allergies can lead to anaphylaxis, serum sickness, and various other drug allergies, drug side effects, and drug toxicity.
● Drug allergies can occur due to antigen-antibody reactions during medication.
● Drug side effects or adverse drug reactions, not drug allergies, can also occur. ● Drug addiction can result from drug overdose or other conditions.
● Even when appropriate medications are selected and administered at appropriate dosages to treat a specific illness, side effects and adverse drug reactions can occur.
● Children who have received transplants of abnormally weakened kidneys, livers, or other organs from another person,
● Children with weakened bodies due to certain diseases,
● Very fragile newborns, and the elderly may not metabolize the drug as smoothly and normally as they do in healthy individuals when appropriate medications are used at appropriate dosages.
● Even when appropriate medications are selected and administered at appropriate dosages to treat illnesses in children who are not in good health, unexpectedly high blood drug concentrations can occur, leading to drug addiction or adverse drug reactions. Even with appropriate treatment at appropriate dosages, some drugs can accumulate abnormally in excess in specific organs, leading to impaired or lost function and side effects or drug addiction.
When treating certain infectious diseases with broad-spectrum antibiotics for extended periods, the bacterial and fungal populations that normally inhabit the respiratory, digestive, and skin systems may be abnormally reduced or even completely eliminated. Instead, bacteria and/or fungi that were not normally present may grow abnormally in certain areas of the body, disrupting the bacterial and/or fungal balance.
In these instances, extremely harmful bacteria or fungi can proliferate abnormally, leading to life-threatening superinfections with previously harmless pathogens. (See Antibiotics.)
The side effects of the tuberculosis treatment drug INH (Isoniazid/Laniazid/Nydrazid) or other drugs can affect the liver, resulting in hepatitis. Chloramphenicol and other medications can cause side effects, such as aplastic anemia. [Parents Should Become Half-Doctors Too – Pediatric Family Nursing Encyclopedia] – Volume 13, Blood, Lymphatic, and Tumor Diseases in Children and Adolescents – Aplastic Anemia.
[Antibiotics such as kanamycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin can cause side effects, such as damage to the auditory nerve, deafness, and kidney damage. Severe kidney damage can lead to renal failure, which prevents normal urine output.] [Parents Should Become Half-Doctors Too – Pediatric Family Nursing Encyclopedia] – Volume 18, Otorhinolaryngological Diseases in Children and Adolescents – Drugs and Hearing Loss.]
[Antibiotics such as chemotherapy drugs and corticosteroids, commonly used to treat leukemia and other cancers, can cause side effects, weakening part or all of the immune system, or even leading to complete loss of immune function.] Impaired immune function caused by chemotherapy can lead to infectious diseases such as bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. [Parents Should Become Anti-Doctors Too – Pediatric Family Nursing Encyclopedia] – Volume 13, Blood, Lymphatic, and Tumor Diseases in Children and Adolescents – Drug-Induced Leukopenia (see Drug-Induced Neutropenia)
Aspirin and other medications can cause side effects, damaging the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract and leading to gastritis or gastric ulcers. Aspirin treatment can also cause delayed blood clotting and bleeding. See Aspirin.
▴ Photo 71. Skin rash caused by drug allergy.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
▴ Photo 72. Skin rash caused by drug allergy.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
■ Drug allergy and drug adverse reactions
Drug allergy and drug adverse reactions
● An adverse drug reaction is a harmful or adverse reaction that occurs in the body when receiving medication.
● The World Health Organization categorizes adverse drug reactions into easy-to-remember categories using the English alphabet ABCDEF.
1. Type A Adverse Drug Reactions
● Augmented pharmacologic effects – dose-dependent and predictable.
● Drug intolerance, which is not caused by the antigen-antibody immune system or a drug-specific reaction, may fall into this category.
2. Type B Adverse Drug Effects
● Unexpected adverse drug effects that are unrelated to the drug dose (Type B: Bizarre effects or idiosyncratic)
● Adverse drug reactions that are dose-independent and unpredictable, and that are not caused by the antigen-antibody immune mechanism but rather by a specific constitution are classified as drug idiosyncratic reactions.
3. Type C Adverse Drug Effects
Type C: Chronic effects
4. Type D Adverse Drug Effects
Type D: Delayed effects
5. Type E: Adverse Drug Effects
Type E: End-of-Treatment effects
Adverse drug effects that occur after the end of treatment
6. Type F: Adverse Drug Effects (Type F: Failure of Therapy):
Adverse drug effects that have no therapeutic effect
■ Drug allergy and other drug problems
● It is unclear which of the three types of drug reactions caused the adverse reaction. In this case,
● Two or three of these adverse drug reactions can occur simultaneously.
▴ Photo 38. Drug allergies, adverse drug reactions, and other adverse effects can occur even with capsules. Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD. FAAP
▴ Photo 39. Drug allergies, adverse drug reactions, and other adverse effects can occur even with pills. Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD. FAAP
▴ Photo 40. Drug allergies, adverse drug reactions, and other adverse reactions can occur even with lotions. Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD. FAAP
▴ Photo 41. Drug allergies, adverse drug reactions, and other adverse reactions can occur even with enemas.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD. FAAP
▴ Photo 42. Drug allergies, adverse drug reactions, and other adverse effects can occur even with syrups. Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
▴ Photo 44. Suppositories can cause drug allergies, side effects, and adverse drug reactions.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
▴ Photo 45. Injections can cause drug allergies, side effects, and adverse drug reactions.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
▴ Photo 46. Creams can also cause drug allergies, side effects, and adverse drug reactions.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
▴ Photo 47. Ointments can also cause drug allergies, side effects, and adverse drug reactions.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
▴ Photo 48. Hives (drug eruptions caused by drug side effects).
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
▴ Photo 49. Drug eruption (skin rash) caused by a drug side effect.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
▴ Photo 50. Purpura (Henoch-Schonlein purpura) caused by a drug side effect.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
▴ Photo 51. Urticaria caused by a drug side effect.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
▴ Photo 52. Drug eruption (skin rash) caused by a drug side effect.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
▴ Photo 53. Drug eruption (skin rash) caused by a drug side effect.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP
I am posting this on http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee. Hello. Dear Korean parents around the world!!!!!!!!!!!!
Please join the movement to read the True Parenting Bible, a must-read for 80 million Koreans worldwide.
Dr. John Sangwon Lee, MD, FAAP, an American pediatrician and Korean pediatrician, would like to gift the following information to the 80 million Koreans around the world: the must-read parenting bible, which covers parenting, health promotion, disease diagnosis and treatment, prevention, how to truly love your children, sleep, sex education for children and adolescents, and character education. 1. http://www.koreapediatrics.com/Parents Should Become Half-Doctors Too – Approximately 20,000 pages. 13412 title, released in 2013. The pediatrics website is operated by Sangwon Lee.
2. Encyclopedia of Pediatric Family Medicine – 618 pages, published in 1988.
3. Encyclopedia of Pediatric Family Nursing – Parents Should Become Half-Doctors Too – 1076 pages, published by Cheongmun-gak in 1998. Publications
4. Growth and Development of Newborns, Infants, Toddlers, School-Age Children, and Adolescents – 623 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
5. Healthy Growth and Development in Newborns: Diseases, 610 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
6. Breastfeeding: Reasons for Breastfeeding, 308 pages, published by Good Land in 2014
7. Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents: 100 Questions and Answers, 240 pages, published by Good Land in 2015
8. From Pregnancy to Newborn Care, approximately 300 pages, published by Cheongmun-gak in 1998
9. Raise Your Son or Daughter with Love, 210 pages, translated by a world-renowned classic by Dr. Ross Campbell, published by Seomun-dang in 1988
11. Drugs and Children, approximately 200 pages, published by 1988
12. Raise Your Son or Daughter with Unconditional Love, and This is How Character Education Works, published by Yangseo-gak in 2016 Page 647
13. https://www.flickr.com/people/drleesangwon
14. http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee
15. https://www.facebook.com/drleesangwon
16. Pediatric columnist of NewYorker.net
Other
I think it has been more than a century since we needed a parenting information bible in Korean that contains health promotion information that can be easily accessed and read by anyone, anywhere, anytime, to promote health, which is one of the basic necessities of life for Korean men, women, and children in Korea and around the world.
If you have the time, I would like to give the entire Parenting Bible to every Korean family.
If I have time, I would love to read the entire Parenting Bible aloud to my beloved Korean parents.
Of course, there may be some shortcomings. I am confident that if you refer to other parenting bibles while raising your children, they will undoubtedly grow up happy. Sincerely, Sangwon Lee
Connecticut Medical License #016370
Korean Medical License #7794
Emeritus Member of the American Academy of Pediatrics
Korean Pediatrician
Top Pediatrician
Copyright ⓒ 2017 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP. Most of the content in this post is from www.koreapediatrics.com. While it may be technical, I believe it will be very helpful in raising children and adolescents. However, the information here cannot replace the information and treatment you receive from your doctor. www.koreapediatrics.com Parents Should Be Half-Doctors (Encyclopedia of Pediatric and Family Nursing)
Copyright drleepediatrics.com 2/24/2026