우유 알레르기 (우유 알러지)
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음식물 카테고리
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분 류
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육류
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양고기, 돼지고기, 베이콘, 닭고기
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곡분류
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쌀, 쌀가루, 보리, 보리 가루
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과일류
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파인애플, 사과, 바나나
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채소류
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감자, 고구마, 당근, 아스파라가스, 잉글리쉬 피, 상추
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지방과 기름
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콩기름, 참기름
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그 외
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토피오카, 바닐라 등
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표 6. 우유성분이 없는 칼슘 음식물
Milk-free calcium diets
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음식물의 종류
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섭취량
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칼슘의 양(mg)
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고도 가수분 영아 포뮬라(가수분해 영양액/Extensively hydrolyzed infant formula, 20 cal/온스)
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8 온스
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152-170
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영유아 포풀러(Elemental infant formula), 20 cal/온스
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8 온스
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198
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콩 영유아 포풀러(Soy infant formula), 20 cal/온스
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8 온스
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170
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콩 소아 음식 식품, 30 cal/온스
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8 온스
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300
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콩 소아 포물러, 30 cal/온스
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8 온스
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230
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강화 두유
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8 온스
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300
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강화 쌀 유
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8 온스
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300
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강화 삼유(fortified hem milk)
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8 온스
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450
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강화 주스
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8 온스
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300
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칼슘 두부
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4 온스
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260
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하얀 콩
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요리된 반 컵
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110
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빨간 콩
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요리된 반 컵
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40
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복 초이
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요리된 반 컵
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80
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푸른 콜라드
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요리된 반 컵
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178
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부로콜리
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요리된 반 컵
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35
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칼슘 강화 음식물
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음식물에 따라 다르다
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음식물 포장참조
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주; b-미숙아들의 음식물로서 적절하지 않고 생후 6개월 이전에 우유 알레르기가 있는 영아들에게는 권장하지 않는다.
■ 출처 및 참조문헌
● The Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Harriet Lane Handbook, 18th edition, p.388-391
● Pediatric annals, vol 37, # 8 August 2008, p.561
● Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, American Academy of Pediatrics, p.18, p.238
● Nelson textbook, 15th edition
● 그 외
다음은“아이가 우유를 먹고 자주 토해요. 우유, 위식도 역류, 구토, 우유 알레르기”에 관한 인터넷 소아청소년 건강상담 질의응답의 예입니다.
Q&A. 아이가 우유를 먹고 자주 토해요. 우유, 위식도 역류, 구토, 우유알레르기
생후 22일 된 남자 아기입니다.
몸무게는 4.4kg이고요.
애기가 우유를 먹고 트림을 시키거나 트림을 하지 않으면 5~10분쯤 안고 있다가 눕히면 우유를 조금 토해 내거나 입으로 흘러나옵니다.
그리고 종종 코로도 나오는 경우가 있습니다.
며칠 전 아기가 코가 막혀 가까운 소아청소년과에 들렀다고 코로 우유가 나온다고 했더니 구강 구조에는 이상이 없다고 하셨어요.
어른들 말씀으로는 나올 때 양수를 먹은 애들이 그렇다고 하던데 사실인가요??
그리고 애기가 감기는 아닌 것 같은데(열은 없음) 코가 막힙니다.
특히 새벽에 조금 더 심한 것 같고요.
신생아라 약을 먹이기가 좀 망설여지는데 좋은 방법이 없을까요?
A. 성이님께
● 안녕하세요. 질문해 주셔서 감사합니다. 좋은 질문입니다.
● 자녀의 나이, 성별, 과거 병력, 가족 병력, 진찰 소견, 임상검사 등의 정보를 많이 알수록 답변을 드리는데 도움이 됩니다. 주신 정보를 중심으로 답변을 드리겠습니다.
● 우유라고 하셨는데 우유는 조제분유를 말씀하시는 것이겠지요.
● 아기가 토하는 것과 젖을 넘기는 것은 서로 다른 증상입니다.
● 토하는 것은 위장관의 어느 부분이 막히거나 위장염이 있거나, 뇌에 어떤 이상이 있거나 또는 그 외 다른 이유로 먹은 위장관 내용물이나 위장관 속 장액 등이 입 밖으로 힘세게 나오는 증상입니다.
● 먹은 음식물이 힘없이 입안이나 비강 속으로 나오는 것을 역류 또는 일류라고 하며, 이 두 가지의 증상을 확실히 구별하기가 때로는 어렵습니다.
● 과식을 하거나 너무 자주 먹거나 분유가 체질에 맞지 않거나 위식도 역류가 있을 때 젖을 넘기거나 토하는 경우가 가장 흔합니다.
● 위식도 역류에는 생리적 위식도 역류와 병적 위식도 역류가 있습니다. 그 원인에 따라 치료해야 합니다.
● 코가 자주 막히는 것은 역시 알레르기 비염이 생기든지 혈관 운동성 비염 등으로 생길 수 있습니다.
● 젖을 넘기는 것과 코가 자주 막히는 증상들을 종합해 보면 혹시 분유 속에 든 우유 단백이 아기의 체질에 맞지 않나 의심해 봅니다.
● 어린 아기에게 알레르기 비염, 식품 알레르기는 생기지 않는다고 믿는 의사들도 있습니다. [부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다-소아가정간호백과]-제5권 인공영양, 이유식, 비타민, 미네랄, 지방, 단백질,
● 제9권 소아청소년 소화기 질환-일류, 구토, 위식도 역류와 위식도 역류병.
● p.00 알레르기 비염,
● p.00 우유 알레르기 등을 참조하시기 바랍니다.
● 아직까지 자주 토하면 소아청소년과에서 진단을 받으시고 이런 문제에 관해서 상담하시기 바랍니다.
● 질문이 더 있으면 다시 연락해 주시기 바랍니다.
● 감사합니다. 이상원 드림
Copyright drleepediatrics.com 2026년 2월 27일
Cow’s Milk Allergy (Milk Allergy)
Cow’s milk allergy (Milk allergy)
Figure 156. While milk and foods containing milk ingredients are nutritious, they can trigger various types of milk allergies in some children.
Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD, FAAP
■ Overview of Cow’s Milk Allergy
● Cow’s milk allergy is also referred to simply as “milk allergy” or “milk protein allergy.” It can be triggered by the milk proteins contained within milk.
● The lactose found in milk can cause lactose intolerance.
● Lactose intolerance is not the same as a milk allergy.
● Drinking raw (unpasteurized) milk can lead to infectious diseases caused by bacteria present in the milk; furthermore, antibiotics—such as penicillin—that may be present in milk can trigger an antibiotic allergy.
● There are two types of cow’s milk allergy: severe milk allergy and mild, transient milk allergy.
● Severe milk allergy is a form of milk allergy triggered by an IgE antibody-antigen reaction.
● Mild, transient milk allergy is a form of milk allergy that does not result from an IgE antibody-antigen reaction.
● The exact incidence of milk protein allergy is not precisely known.
● It is estimated to range from approximately 0.3% to 7%.
● According to recent studies, the incidence of cow’s milk allergy is on the rise.
● It has been reported that 30% of pediatric patients seeking treatment from a specialist in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases were suffering from milk protein allergy (Reference: *Pediatric News*, March 2004).
■ Signs and Symptoms of Milk Allergy
● Milk protein allergy may develop in 1.5% to 3.5% of infants under one year of age.
● Milk allergy can first manifest between 2 days and 4 months after birth.
● However, it is reported to occur most frequently around the time of the first birthday.
● Although the exact cause remains unclear, milk allergy may develop because sufficient levels of IgA antibodies are not yet present in the mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
● The likelihood of developing a milk allergy is significantly higher in infants who have a parent or sibling with a history of allergic diseases or an atopic constitution. Milk allergies that develop during infancy may resolve spontaneously between the ages of 2 and 3.
● Milk allergy is a leading cause of chronic diarrhea and vomiting in infants and young children, and it can also lead to chronic malabsorption disorders within the gastrointestinal tract.
● Weight loss, hypoproteinemia, anemia, edema, growth retardation, and chronic malabsorption can all result from a milk allergy.
● Symptoms and conditions such as vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, stools containing mucus or blood, gastroesophageal reflux, infantile colic, swelling of the lips and tongue, nasal congestion, hyperemia of the nasal mucosa, asthma, atopic dermatitis, hives, diaper dermatitis, anaphylaxis, angioedema, and hyperactivity and/or attention deficits may also be caused by a milk allergy.
● In addition to those mentioned here, various other symptoms, signs, and medical conditions may also arise as a result of a milk allergy.
■ Diagnosis of Milk Allergy
● A diagnosis of milk allergy can be established by comprehensively evaluating various factors, including the family history of allergies, the patient’s own past and current medical history, signs and symptoms, physical examination findings, blood levels of milk protein-specific IgE antibodies (Immunoglobulin E), allergy skin tests, and oral challenge tests.
● In cases of milk allergy, blood levels of milk protein-specific IgE antibodies are typically elevated.
● The likelihood of a child developing a milk allergy is approximately 25% if one biological parent or sibling has an atopic constitution; this probability rises to 40–50% if both parents have an atopic constitution, and to 70–80% if both parents suffer from the same type of allergic disease.
● As illustrated by the example of the oral challenge test described below, milk allergy can be diagnosed through such provocation testing.
p.00 Diagnosis of Milk Allergy
p.00 [See] Diarrhea Caused by Milk Protein Allergy
● The patient must refrain from consuming milk, foods containing milk, or foods containing milk proteins for a period of 2 to 4 weeks—or until all signs and/or symptoms have completely resolved.
● For infants receiving formula feeding, a hypoallergenic formula free of milk components should be substituted for approximately two weeks.
● Typically, the signs and symptoms of a milk allergy subside within 72 hours of discontinuing the consumption of formulas containing milk protein components.
● For 2 to 4 weeks after beginning a diet free of milk proteins, observe whether the signs and symptoms of a milk allergy diminish, disappear completely, worsen, or remain unchanged.
● If, during this 2-to-4-week observation period, there are no symptoms or they are significantly reduced, mix 15 cc of milk protein-containing formula with 240 cc of hypoallergenic formula, and feed an age-appropriate total amount of this mixture throughout the first day.
● If no symptoms or signs appear at this stage, mix 30 cc of the same type of milk protein-containing formula with 240 cc of hypoallergenic formula, and feed an age-appropriate total amount.
● If no symptoms or signs appear, on the third day of the challenge test, mix 45 cc of milk protein-containing formula with 240 cc of hypoallergenic formula, and feed the mixture.
● If no symptoms or signs appear at this stage either, continue feeding in the same manner for the following 4 to 5 days.
● During a challenge test, it is typical for a child with a milk allergy to experience a recurrence of allergy-related signs and symptoms within 72 hours of resuming the intake of milk protein-containing formula.
● If symptoms and signs of a milk allergy—identical or nearly identical to those previously observed—reappear while the child is consuming the milk protein-containing formula again, a presumptive diagnosis can be made that a milk allergy is “highly probable”; conversely, if no such symptoms or signs appear, a presumptive diagnosis can be made that a milk allergy is “highly improbable.”
● If only mild signs or symptoms of a milk allergy appear during an oral food challenge—leaving uncertainty as to whether a true allergy exists—the challenge may be repeated once more. Alternatively, additional testing—such as a milk skin prick test and/or a blood test for milk protein-specific IgE antibodies (Immunoglobulin E)—can be performed to establish a definitive diagnosis of a milk allergy.
● In cases of severe milk allergy, such as those involving anaphylaxis, not even a single drop of milk should be administered. Furthermore, parents must never attempt to diagnose a milk allergy on their own through an unsupervised oral food challenge.
● As a general rule, oral food challenges should be conducted under the direct supervision of a physician—or performed by the physician personally—within a hospital or emergency department equipped with the necessary facilities to immediately initiate advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Additionally, it is standard protocol to ensure that neither the child undergoing the challenge nor their parents are aware of which specific formula or nutritional product is being administered during the procedure.
● Even if the results of an oral food challenge appear positive—suggesting a high probability of a milk allergy—it is common practice to perform a skin reaction test to reconfirm the presence of an allergy to milk proteins.
● If, during a 2-to-4-week observation period in which all milk, milk-containing foods, and milk protein-containing foods are strictly withheld, symptoms resembling those of a milk allergy persist or worsen, it may indicate a potential misdiagnosis. In such instances—while the possibility of a milk allergy cannot be entirely ruled out—the symptoms may actually be attributable to a different medical condition rather than a milk allergy.
● Many types of commercially available food products today may contain varying amounts of milk or milk proteins. When diagnosing a milk allergy via an oral food challenge, the patient must strictly avoid consuming whole milk, raw milk, or infant formulas containing milk proteins—as well as any food products containing even trace amounts of milk or milk proteins.
● Children who have developed an allergic condition in response to a specific allergen are at a significantly higher risk of developing allergic reactions to other types of allergens as well.
● Milk allergies occur more frequently in children with an atopic constitution, as well as in those suffering from allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, urticaria (hives), drug allergies, or other allergic conditions.
● A detailed family history—specifically identifying whether any parents or siblings have a milk allergy or other allergic conditions—is highly beneficial in diagnosing a milk allergy; typically, milk allergies are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern across generations.
● Children with a milk allergy are at an increased risk of developing additional food allergies to other items, such as eggs, fish, or peanuts.
● Diagnostic tools such as skin prick tests and/or RAST (Radioallergosorbent Test) can be helpful in establishing a diagnosis.
● In particular, when diagnosing severe milk allergies—specifically those mediated by IgE antibody-allergen reactions—via an oral food challenge, there is a potential risk of triggering a severe allergic reaction.
● Oral food challenges for milk allergies must be conducted solely under the direct supervision of a physician who is trained in advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and equipped to provide immediate treatment in the event of a severe allergic reaction.
● Children with severe milk allergies should always carry an epinephrine auto-injector (such as an EpiPen or AnaKit)—or ensure one is kept in an easily accessible location—so that it can be administered immediately in case of an emergency.
Copyright drleepediatics.com 3/18/2026