7 Dec 2020

One hundred Qs & As on common cold  감기에 대한 100개의 질문과 답변

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One hundred Qs & As on the common cold
감기에 대한 100개의 질문과 답변
 
What kind of illness is cold? 
A.The entire airway is divided into the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.
The part of the airway from the nostril to the larynx is called the upper respiratory tract, and the  lower respiratory tract can be divided into the epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs 
The upper respiratory tract includes the nostrils, nasal cavity, sinuses, adenoids, pharynx, and tonsils.
The upper respiratory tract is infected by any kind of virus is called a cold or common cold.
Cold is the most common infectious disease among humans.
The common cold viral infection that anyone has at least once or twice in a lifetime is a cold.
There are nearly 200 kinds of viruses that may cause a cold. The coronavirus also is one kind of virus to causes the common cold.
There are many viruses that cause a common cold may not infect only one part of the upper respiratory tract, but simultaneously infects the nasal cavity, sinuses, adenoids, pharynx, and tonsils in the upper respiratory tract and other parts of the body.
In clinical practice, a cold is called by the various names of diseases as follows. 
  • Common cold,
  • Upper respiratory tract infection (URI),
  • Acute viral rhinitis,
  • Acute viral nasopharyngitis,
  • Acute viral pharyngotonsillitis,
  • It is also called a runny nose (Rhinitis).
  • A cold is sometimes called rhinosinusitis.
  • and cold
People with colds or people who do not have a cold but carry a virus that can cause colds, breathe problems, cough, and speaking problems.
 If you are infected with the “cold virus” you may spread the cold virus thru the sputum or droplets to others, they will catch a cold.
What are the causes of the cold 
If one or several types of viruses over 150 to 200 species such as rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, and coxsackievirus may cause infection in the upper respiratory tract, you can catch a cold.
Cold is also called cold or common cold as mentioned.
Among the 150 to 200 kinds of viruses that can cause colds, there are some viruses that cause colds more often.
Rhinovirus, adenovirus, or coronavirus are more common causes of colds.
These various viruses further are subdivided into several virus strains.
Therefore, the number of viruses that cause colds is much more than 150-200 species when each virus type and virus genus are combined.
If the upper respiratory tract is infected with one of the many types of virus or a subgenus virus belonging to that one type of virus, you can catch a cold.
Because there are hundreds of types of viruses that can cause colds, we cannot make all vaccinations against each virus.
For reference, bacterial infections do not cause colds. 
Is there any reason or factors to get frequent cold 
A.
  • There are many conditions and factors that make you more prone to colds.
  • Some children are born with a constitution that is more prone to colds.
  • Have a history of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, or any other type of allergic disease
  • Children with a current history of allergic diseases such as children with an atopic constitution are more likely to get cold.
  • You can get it often, and once you get a cold, it’s usually more severe.
  • Wearing cold clothes, in a humid place, sleeping in the cold, in the rain,
  • Having mental and physical weakness,
  • Are malnourished,
  • Lack of physical exercise,
  • Living in an unclean environment,
  • Children and toddlers who often go to places where many children and adults gather, such as nursery schools and daycare,
  • Or, stressed children are more prone to colds, and the secondary bacterial infections during colds include otitis media, sinusitis, and more severe secondary bacterial infections such as pneumonia, may be more prone.
1
감기에 대한 100가지 질문과 답변
감기는 어떤 질병인가요?
A. 전체 기도는 상기도와 하기도로 나뉩니다.
콧구멍에서 후두까지의 기도를 상기도라고 하며, 하기도는 후두개, 후두, 기관, 기관지, 세기관지, 폐로 나뉩니다.
상기에는 콧구멍, 비강, 부비동, 아데노이드, 인두, 편도가 포함됩니다.
상기가 어떤 종류의 바이러스에 감염되면 감기 또는 일반 감기라고 합니다.
감기는 인간에게 가장 흔한 감염성 질환입니다.
누구나 평생에 한두 번쯤은 걸리는 일반 감기 바이러스 감염이 바로 감기입니다.
감기를 일으킬 수 있는 바이러스는 거의 200종에 달합니다. 코로나바이러스 또한 감기를 일으키는 바이러스의 한 종류입니다.
감기를 일으키는 바이러스는 여러 종류가 있으며, 이러한 바이러스는 상기도의 한 부분만 감염시키는 것이 아니라 비강, 부비동, 아데노이드, 인두, 편도선 등 상기도와 신체의 다른 부위를 동시에 감염시킬 수 있습니다.
임신은 임상에서 다음과 같은 다양한 질병명으로 불립니다.
감기,
상기도 감염(URI),
급성 바이러스성 비염,
급성 바이러스성 비인두염,
급성 바이러스성 인두편도염,
콧물(비염)이라고도 합니다.
감기는 때때로 비부비동염이라고도 합니다.
감기에 걸린 사람이나 감기에 걸리지 않았지만 감기를 유발할 수 있는 바이러스를 보유한 사람은 호흡 곤란, 기침, 발음 장애 등의 증상을 보입니다.
감기 바이러스에 감염되면 가래나 비말을 통해 다른 사람에게 바이러스를 전파하여 감기에 걸리게 할 수 있습니다.
감기의 원인은 무엇일까요?
라이노바이러스, 아데노바이러스, 코로나바이러스, 파라인플루엔자 바이러스, 콕사키바이러스 등 150~200종이 넘는 바이러스 중 하나 또는 여러 종류가 상기도에 감염을 일으켜 감기에 걸릴 수 있습니다.
앞서 언급했듯이 감기는 흔히 감기라고 불립니다.
감기를 유발하는 150~200종의 바이러스 중에는 감기를 더 자주 일으키는 바이러스가 있습니다.
라이노바이러스, 아데노바이러스, 코로나바이러스는 감기의 주요 원인입니다.
이러한 다양한 바이러스는 다시 여러 변종으로 나뉩니다.
따라서 각 바이러스 유형과 속을 모두 합치면 감기를 유발하는 바이러스의 종류는 150~200종보다 훨씬 많습니다.
상기도가 여러 종류의 바이러스 또는 그 바이러스의 아속 바이러스에 감염되면 감기에 걸릴 수 있습니다.
감기를 유발하는 바이러스는 수백 종류가 넘기 때문에 모든 바이러스에 대한 백신 접종은 불가능합니다.
참고로, 세균 감염은 감기를 유발하지 않습니다.
감기에 자주 걸리는 원인이나 요인이 있나요?
A.
감기에 더 잘 걸리게 하는 여러 가지 요인과 상황이 있습니다.
어떤 아이들은 선천적으로 감기에 잘 걸리는 체질을 가지고 태어납니다.
기관지 천식, 아토피 피부염, 알레르기 비염 또는 기타 알레르기 질환의 병력이 있는 경우
아토피 체질과 같이 알레르기 질환 병력이 있는 아이들은 감기에 더 잘 걸립니다.
감기에 자주 걸릴 수 있고, 한 번 걸리면 보통 더 심하게 앓게 됩니다.
찬 옷을 입거나, 습한 곳에 있거나, 추운 곳에서 자거나, 비를 맞거나,
정신적·육체적으로 허약하거나,
영양실조 상태이거나,
운동 부족이거나,
비위생적인 환경에서 생활하거나,
어린이집이나 탁아소처럼 많은 아이들과 어른들이 모이는 곳에 자주 가는 유아나 어린이집에 다니는 아이들은,
또는 스트레스를 많이 받는 아이들은 감기에 더 잘 걸리고, 감기 중에 중이염, 부비동염과 같은 2차 세균 감염은 물론 폐렴과 같은 더 심각한 2차 세균 감염에 걸릴 위험이 더 높습니다.
Do newborns and infants get colds too? 
Newborns and infants can also get a cold.
Newborns and infants who are young than 6 months may resist viral infection when they are infected with a virus that can cause cold.
 It is common to receive an immune body from the mother before it is born.
For this reason, it is common for most of the newborns an d infants before 6 months of age or most of the infants not to catch colds.
However, because they may not have immunity from their moms for more than 200 kinds of viruses that can cause a cold.
Sometimes they were born with enough cold virus immunity,
In addition, depending on the concentration of various cold virus immunities in the body of newborns and infants, newborns and infants can also get colds or not.
(For convenience, the virus that causes a cold is called a cold virus.) 
In general, the younger child is, the worse it is for them to get sick once they have a cold.
In addition, newborns and infants are less likely to catch colds because they have fewer opportunities to get close to people outside the household. 
As described above, when newborns or infants catch a cold, the symptoms of the cold can be more severe and affect them. 
Secondary bacterial infections, such as otitis media or pneumonia, may be more prone in newborns and infants when they get cold.
Since the total length of the upper and lower airways of newborns and infants is very short, almost equal to the length of one of their little fingers, the infection does not occur in only one part of the upper respiratory tract, but occasionally occurs throughout the lower respiratory tracts, rhinitis, and pharyngitis. And  Laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, etc. may occur together 
What are the cold symptoms in newborn infants and infants? 
When newborns or infants catch cold, atypical signs of cold symptoms may appear compared to those of colds in older infants and school-aged children.
For example, it is common for infants and school-age children to deliberately open their mouths and breathe through their mouths (oral breathing) as needed instead of breathing through their noses when the nose is stuffed by a cold.
In newborns and infants, the nasal cavity is narrower and smaller, and it is common for the nasal passages to become more easily clogged if they catch a cold.
So instead of breathing through their nose (instead of breathing through their nasal passages), they have to deliberately open their mouth and breathe through their mouth.
However, newborns and infants often cannot breathe properly with their mouth opened or thru the nose because they are immature with the ability to breathe that way.
So when they catch a cold, breathing difficulties can sometimes be severe.
When the nose is stuffed by a cold, sometimes newborns or infants cannot suck their mother’s breast milk well, nor they can suck artificial nutrient bottle nipples.
So they feel more difficult to breathe.
In other words, newborns and infants are unable to open their mouths and breathe smoothly when their nose is stuffed with a cold.
Infants of preschool age, school-age children, and adolescents may also have a cold, congestion of their nose, and difficulty breathing through their nose.
However, they can deliberately open their mouths when their nose is clogged and take some oral breath through their mouths.
As explained above, the size of the nasal cavity of newborns and infants is less than that of school-age children or adolescent children.
It’s much smaller, so it can easily get clogged up by a cold, and once their nose is clogged, They are more likely to have trouble breathing and suffer a lot more.
Newborns and infants have a whole body ache from a cold, a mild fever, and a headache, but they can’t express well in words, so they whining, fluffing, and crying.
 Symptoms such as backache may occur.
They may also lose their appetite and not eat well.
Sometimes, the virus that caused the cold infects the gastrointestinal tract and causes gastroenteritis. 
At this time, symptoms of a cold may appear and symptoms of viral gastroenteritis may appear.
Sometimes, symptoms of gastroenteritis, such as diarrhea and vomiting, may be present.
In addition, the cold virus does not only infect the upper respiratory tract but also simultaneously infects the lower respiratory tract such as viral bronchitis, viral bronchiolitis,
They  can have viral pneumonia, croup, etc. at the same time.
During a cold, newborns and infants are more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections, such as bacterial otitis media or bacterial pneumonia. 
How many times does a child get cold a year? 
Studies have shown that one child has a cold at least 6 to 7 times a year, and some children have 22 times a year.
In nurseries, kindergartens, or elementary schools, where many infants and school-age children gather, especially infants and toddlers catch colds more often.
Preschool infants and toddlers do fewer catch colds when they stay with their parents at home, but they usually catch more colds as soon as they start going to nurseries or kindergartens where many infants gather.
The youngest infants and toddlers among several household members get colds more frequently than other household members.
In one family, while living primarily with their parents, infants and toddlers often catch a cold during the first few months after they start going to nursery, kindergarten, or elementary school. Other infants and toddlers who come there may be infected with a cold virus, a virus that caused other types of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, or a virus that caused gastroenteritis, resulting in cold and viral gastroenteritis. 
What are the cold symptoms and signs in children? 
We have already explained the symptoms of colds in newborns and infants.
Here, we look at the symptoms of a cold in older infants and school ages after newborn and infancy.
Symptoms of colds differ depending on the type of virus that causes a cold in children, the age of the child, the presence of complications from having a cold, and the illness other than the cold.
It is common for the main symptoms of a cold to appear after an incubation period for 2 to 6 days after the virus has infected the upper respiratory tract.
Typical main symptomatic signs of a cold are runny nose, watery eyes, stuffy nose, sneezing, general malaise, mild to high fever, headache, pharyngeal pruritus, sore throat, muscle pain, fatigue,  cough, and loss of appetite depend upon the kind of viruses.
Usually, the main symptoms of a cold in children last 4 days to 10 days.
 Rarely, it lasts for 14 days.
It is common to get sick and heal naturally.
However, depending on the child’s age and the type of virus that caused the cold, the symptoms and signs can vary greatly.
Symptoms of a cold vary slightly from time to time depending on whether you have cold-induced bronchial asthma when you have a cold, or whether there are complications arising from secondary bacterial infection and the severity of the complication.
However, symptoms other than a cold should be suspected if symptoms persist for more than 10 days, or rarely 14 days. as you know well, SARS( severe  acute respiratory syndrome)-COV2( coronavirus 2) can cause either th cold or severe COVID -19
신생아와 영아도 감기에 걸릴까요?
신생아와 영아도 감기에 걸릴 수 있습니다.
생후 6개월 미만의 신생아와 영아는 감기를 유발하는 바이러스에 감염되었을 때 면역력이 있는 경우가 있습니다.
대부분의 신생아와 영아는 태어나기 전에 엄마로부터 면역 체계를 물려받습니다.
이러한 이유로 생후 6개월 미만의 신생아와 영아는 감기에 잘 걸리지 않습니다.
하지만 200가지가 넘는 감기 바이러스에 대한 면역력을 엄마로부터 모두 물려받지 못했을 수도 있습니다.
어떤 경우에는 감기 바이러스에 대한 충분한 면역력을 가지고 태어나기도 합니다.
또한 신생아와 영아의 체내에 존재하는 다양한 감기 바이러스에 대한 면역력의 농도에 따라 감기에 걸릴 수도 있고 걸리지 않을 수도 있습니다.
(편의상 감기를 일으키는 바이러스를 감기 바이러스라고 부릅니다.)
일반적으로 어린아이일수록 감기에 걸렸을 때 증상이 더 심해집니다.
또한 신생아와 영아는 집 밖의 사람들과 접촉할 기회가 적기 때문에 감기에 걸릴 확률이 낮습니다.
앞서 설명한 것처럼 신생아나 영아가 감기에 걸리면 증상이 더 심해지고 고통스러워할 수 있습니다.
신생아와 영아는 감기에 걸리면 중이염이나 폐렴과 같은 이차적인 세균 감염에 걸릴 위험이 더 높습니다.
신생아와 영아의 상기도와 하기도의 전체 길이가 매우 짧아서 새끼손가락 하나 길이 정도밖에 되지 않기 때문에 감염이 상기도의 한 부분에만 발생하는 것이 아니라 하기도 전체, 비염, 인후염 등으로 나타날 수 있습니다. 후두염, 기관지염, 세기관지염 등이 함께 발생할 수 있습니다.
신생아와 영아의 감기 증상은 무엇인가요?
신생아나 영아가 감기에 걸리면, 나이가 많은 영아나 학령기 아동의 감기 증상과는 다른 비정형적인 증상이 나타날 수 있습니다.
예를 들어, 신생아와 학령기 아동은 감기로 코가 막혔을 때 코로 숨을 쉬는 대신 의도적으로 입을 벌리고 입으로 숨을 쉬는 경우가 흔합니다.
신생아와 영아의 비강은 좁고 작기 때문에 감기에 걸리면 비강이 더 쉽게 막힙니다.
따라서 코로 숨을 쉬는 대신(비강을 통해 숨을 쉬는 대신) 의도적으로 입을 벌리고 입으로 숨을 쉬어야 합니다.
하지만 신생아와 영아는 입이나 코로 제대로 숨을 쉬는 능력이 미숙하기 때문에 종종 그렇게 숨을 쉬지 못합니다.
따라서 감기에 걸리면 호흡 곤란이 심해질 수 있습니다.
감기로 코가 막히면 신생아나 영아는 모유를 제대로 빨지 못하거나 분유를 빨지 못하는 경우가 있습니다.
그러면 숨쉬기가 더 어려워집니다.
즉, 신생아와 영아는 감기로 코가 막히면 입을 벌리고 원활하게 숨을 쉴 수 없습니다.
미취학 아동, 학령기 아동, 청소년도 감기에 걸리면 코막힘으로 인해 코로 숨쉬기가 어려울 수 있습니다.
하지만 이들은 코가 막혔을 때 의도적으로 입을 벌리고 입으로 숨을 쉴 수 있습니다.
앞서 설명했듯이 신생아와 영아의 비강 크기는 학령기 아동이나 청소년보다 작습니다.
아기들의 코는 훨씬 작아서 감기에 걸리면 쉽게 막히고, 코가 막히면 호흡 곤란을 겪고 훨씬 더 힘들어집니다.
신생아와 영아는 감기에 걸리면 온몸이 쑤시고, 미열이 나고, 두통이 생기지만, 아직 말을 잘 하지 못해서 칭얼거리거나 칭얼거리고 울기만 합니다.
허리 통증과 같은 증상이 나타날 수도 있습니다.
식욕이 떨어져서 잘 먹지 못할 수도 있습니다.
때로는 감기를 일으킨 바이러스가 위장관을 감염시켜 위장염을 일으키기도 합니다.
이때 감기 증상과 바이러스성 위장염 증상이 함께 나타날 수 있습니다.
때로는 설사와 구토와 같은 위장염 증상이 나타나기도 합니다.
또한 감기 바이러스는 상기도뿐만 아니라 하기도를 동시에 감염시켜 바이러스성 기관지염, 바이러스성 세기관지염 등을 유발할 수 있습니다.
심지어 바이러스성 폐렴, 크룹 등에도 동시에 걸릴 수 있습니다.
신생아와 영유아는 감기에 걸렸을 때 세균성 중이염이나 세균성 폐렴과 같은 2차 세균 감염에 더 취약합니다.
아이들은 1년에 몇 번이나 감기에 걸릴까요?
연구에 따르면 아이들은 1년에 최소 6~7번, 많게는 22번까지 감기에 걸립니다.
특히 많은 영유아가 모이는 어린이집, 유치원, 초등학교에서는 영유아가 감기에 더 자주 걸립니다.
미취학 아동은 일반 아동에 비해 감기에 걸리는 빈도가 낮습니다.
 2
Can children with cold go to school while having a cold 
There may be symptoms such as sore throat, tiredness, runny nose, headache, and mild fever when they have a cold, but there are many students who go to school every day with a cold.
A cold is a type of upper respiratory virus infectious disease.
The virus that caused the cold is likely to spread to other students or other people around cold patient. However, in general, it is not necessary to isolate children who have colds from children who do not.
Most of the time, even if children with colds are isolated, the effect of isolation is practically insignificant.
In most cases, it’s common for children to get cold 6 to 7 times a year.
Some children get cold 22 times a year mentioned above.
If they don’t go to school for a week or two weeks every time you have a cold, they can’t go to school for at least two months a year according to calculation.
When a child living in the same neighborhood starts to get a cold, almost all children in that neighborhood can get a cold.
Therefore, it is not a practical way to prevent cold treatment to isolate a child with a cold from other students without sending it to school.
When a child in school begins to have a cold, most of the students in the class may already have a mild cold or maybe in a dormant state, even if the other students in the class do not have an asymptomatic cold.
For one reason or another, students who have a cold, but can go to school if there are no signs of symptoms severe enough to go to school and their health is generally good. However, it’s a good idea to take into account your specific situation and ask your regular doctor to decide if you can go to school.
Nowadays the Sars-covid-2 infection may give viral URI  and/or it may cause severe Covid-19.  If somebody has a corona virus infection with a symptom or no symptom,  she or he must be isolated according.
 
Do children cough due to cold? 
When children only have a cold, they can cough a little.
When children have a cold, a runny nose can flow into your nostrils and flow through the posterior nostril to the upper pharyngeal cavity.
When a cold-induced irritates the nasal mucosa, they can sneeze and cough a little.
When the mucous membrane of the pharyngeal cavity is irritated by a runny nose from the posterior nostril, you can cough a little.
In addition, when the pharyngeal mucosa is irritated due to inflammation in the pharynx due to a cold, a gentle cough can occur a little.
However, when you only have a cold, you will not cough to spit the expert from your chest and your phlegm does not come out of your lower respiratory tract.
In other words, the cough from the chest does not come out and phlegm does not come out of the lower respiratory tract.
A cold can cause a sore throat, which can make your pharynx itchy and cough a little.
Unless there are complications, most common colds are viral infections caused by confined to the upper respiratory tract.
When children have a cold, don’t cough up your sputum from the chest unless you have complications such as laryngitis (viral croup), bronchial asthma, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia.
When coughing out of the chest while spitting out sputum, whether you are suspicious of having a cold and asthma together, cold and pneumonia together, or a cold and bronchitis together, etc., it is good to be sure that you have a respiratory illness other than a cold.
 
Q.Cold is lasting more than two weeks, Why? 
In most cases, symptoms of a cold last 4 to 10 days and then heal naturally.
Rarely lasts for 14 days. However, if the cold continues for more than 10 to 14 days and does not completely heal, consider the following cases.
Whether you have complications such as sinusitis, otitis media, allergic rhinitis, or bronchial asthma while having a cold
Whether you are suffering from a disease other than a cold, rather than cold from the very beginning.
You should suspect whether you have a cold and other infectious or non-infectious diseases at the same time.
A bacterial infection in the sinuses during a cold can lead to sinusitis, a bacterial infection in the middle ear can lead to acute otitis media, and a lung infection can lead to pneumonia.
When there is a complication such as a secondary bacterial infection, the symptoms of the complication and the symptoms of a cold already exist appear together.
In particular, if a cold may induce bronchial asthma, you may suffer from a cold and asthma together from the beginning of a cold, and then the symptoms of bronchial asthma continue to occur even though the cold is over, and you may suffer from cold-induced asthmatic coughing for a long time. 
How to make a diagnosis of the cold? 
You can easily diagnose a cold by synthesizing your medical history, symptoms, and physical examination findings.
However, initial symptoms of various types of viral upper and lower respiratory infections, or bacterial upper and lower respiratory infections may sometimes be similar to those of colds.
In general, such infectious diseases and colds should be diagnosed differentially.
Especially,
  • Flu,
  • Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis or tonsillitis,
  • Infectious mono,
  • laryngitis,
  • croup,
  • Bronchial asthma,
  • Bronchiolitis,
  • bronchitis,
  • Or, you should differentially diagnose pneumonia and colds.
  • It should be diagnosed differently from sinusitis or allergic rhinitis.
  • In many other cases, the initial symptoms of systemic infectious diseases are similar to those of a cold.
So sometimes doctors and parents can misdiagnose that they have a cold that they have other types of infectious diseases.
Anyone of all ages, especially when infants and toddlers have a cold and suddenly have a high fever, feel worse than the symptoms of a cold, and do not eat well, and do not laugh well (when in a toxic state), a secondary bacterial infection. It is important to think that there is a possibility of complications occurring in any part of the body.
In that case, you should seek medical attention immediately.
 
Why to take throat cultures with throat mucosa when to have a sore throat when my children go to the pediatric office for a sore throat. 
When you go to the local Pediatric office for a sore throat, there are many cases of bacterial pharyngitis as well as viral pharyngitis.
There are many causes of sore throat.
The causes can be largely divided into three.
First, pharyngitis can be caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infectious pharyngitis and, or tonsillitis.
Second, pharyngitis can be caused by viral infectious pharyngitis and/or pharyngeal tonsillitis.
Third, a sore throat can be caused by other causes.
In other words, pharyngeal pain can be caused by viral pharyngitis, and/or group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis or pharyngeal tonsillitis can occur.
When you have a sore throat, it is difficult just to look into the pharynx with the naked eye and determine whether a viral infection causes a sore throat, which is the result of pharyngitis, or whether a bacterial infection has caused a sore throat.
Therefore, in order to differentially diagnose these two types of pharyngitis, a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test or group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal antigen-antibody aggregation reaction test can be performed with mucus collected with a cotton swab from the pharyngeal mucosa. Sometimes two tests can be done simultaneously.
If the result is positive, the pharyngeal pain can be diagnosed as a result of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, and if it is negative, it is common to reverse diagnose that pharyngitis has occurred due to viral pharyngitis.
Without such a bacteriological test, it is difficult to reliably diagnose whether the pharyngitis is caused by viral pharyngitis or group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis.
Viral pharyngitis as used herein includes cold, infectious mono, or flu or COVID-19.
If the sore throat is caused by a viral upper respiratory tract, such as a cold, the viral upper respiratory tract is not treated with antibiotics. However, sore throat caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis should be treated with antibiotics.
Treating a sore throat in this way can lead to a dilemma for both the doctor, the patient, and the country.
The patient has the right to know and the right to receive the most appropriate treatment, and the doctor has the duty to give the most appropriate treatment.
If you come to the local pediatric office complaining of symptoms of cold or sore throat, do a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test or a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test normally, and if the result is positive, antibiotics which the common treatment method in the United States is to start treatment with and if negative, start treatment with no antibiotics.
Sometimes they have to do another pediatric visit a few days later to do catch-up treatment,
The cost of a beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test for a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test varies depending on
감기에 걸린 아이가 학교에 가도 될까요?
감기에 걸리면 목이 아프거나, 피곤하거나, 콧물이 나거나, 두통이 있거나, 미열이 나는 등의 증상이 나타날 수 있지만, 감기에 걸린 채로 매일 학교에 가는 학생들이 많습니다.
감기는 상기도 바이러스 감염 질환의 일종입니다.
감기를 유발하는 바이러스는 감기 환자 주변의 다른 학생이나 사람들에게 전염될 가능성이 높습니다. 하지만 일반적으로 감기에 걸린 아이를 감기에 걸리지 않은 아이들과 격리할 필요는 없습니다.
대부분의 경우, 감기에 걸린 아이를 격리하더라도 격리 효과는 미미합니다.
대부분의 아이들은 1년에 6~7번 정도 감기에 걸립니다.
하지만 어떤 아이들은 위에서 언급한 것처럼 1년에 22번 감기에 걸리기도 합니다.
감기에 걸릴 때마다 1~2주씩 학교에 가지 않는다고 가정하면, 계산상으로 1년에 최소 두 달은 학교에 가지 못하는 셈입니다.
같은 동네에 사는 아이가 감기에 걸리기 시작하면, 그 동네의 거의 모든 아이들이 감기에 걸릴 수 있습니다.
따라서 감기에 걸린 아이를 다른 학생들과 격리하고 학교에 보내지 않는 것은 감기 치료를 예방하는 현실적인 방법이 아닙니다.
학교에 다니는 아이가 감기에 걸리기 시작하면, 같은 반 아이들 대부분은 이미 가벼운 감기에 걸렸거나 잠복기 상태일 가능성이 높습니다. 설령 다른 학생들이 감기에 걸리지 않았더라도 말입니다.
어떤 이유로든 감기에 걸렸더라도, 등교할 만큼 심각한 증상이 없고 전반적인 건강 상태가 양호하다면 학교에 갈 수 있습니다. 하지만 개인의 상황을 고려하여 주치의와 상담 후 등교 여부를 결정하는 것이 좋습니다.
현재 코로나19 바이러스(SARS-CoV-2) 감염은 상기도 감염(URI)을 유발하거나 심각한 코로나19로 이어질 수 있습니다. 증상이 있든 없든 코로나바이러스에 감염된 사람은 적절한 격리 조치를 받아야 합니다.
아이들은 감기 때문에 기침을 하나요?
감기에 걸렸을 때 아이들은 가볍게 기침을 할 수 있습니다.
감기에 걸리면 콧물이 콧구멍으로 흘러들어 후비공을 통해 인두로 올라갈 수 있습니다.
감기로 인해 코 점막이 자극을 받으면 재채기나 가벼운 기침을 할 수 있습니다.
후비공을 통해 들어온 콧물이 인두 점막을 자극하면 가벼운 기침이 발생할 수 있습니다.
또한, 감기로 인해 인두에 염증이 생겨 인두 점막이 자극을 받으면 가벼운 기침이 발생할 수 있습니다.
하지만 감기에만 걸렸을 때는 가슴에서 가래를 뱉어내는 심한 기침은 하지 않으며, 하기도에서 가래가 나오지도 않습니다.
즉, 기침할 때 가슴에서 나오는 가래가 뱉어지지 않고, 하기도에서 가래가 나오지 않는다는 뜻입니다.
감기는 인후통을 유발하여 인두가 가렵고 기침이 약간 날 수 있습니다.
합병증이 없는 한, 대부분의 감기는 상기도에 국한된 바이러스 감염입니다.
어린이가 감기에 걸렸을 때는 후두염(바이러스성 크룹), 기관지 천식, 기관지염, 세기관지염, 폐렴과 같은 합병증이 없는 한 가슴에서 가래를 뱉어내지 않도록 주의해야 합니다.
가래를 뱉으면서 가슴에서 기침을 할 때, 감기와 천식이 함께 나타나거나, 감기와 폐렴이 함께 나타나거나, 감기와 기관지염이 함께 나타나는 등 여러 증상이 의심된다면, 감기 외에 다른 호흡기 질환이 있는지 확인하는 것이 좋습니다.
질문: 감기가 2주 이상 지속되는 이유는 무엇인가요?
대부분의 경우 감기 증상은 4~10일 정도 지속되다가 자연적으로 낫습니다.
14일 이상 지속되는 경우는 드뭅니다. 하지만 감기가 10~14일 이상 지속되고 완전히 낫지 않는다면 다음과 같은 경우를 고려해 보세요.
감기와 함께 부비동염, 중이염, 알레르기성 비염, 기관지 천식 등의 합병증이 있는 경우
처음부터 감기가 아닌 다른 질환을 앓고 있는 경우
감기와 다른 감염성 또는 비감염성 질환이 동시에 발생했는지 의심해 봐야 합니다.
감기 중에 부비동에 세균 감염이 발생하면 부비동염으로 이어질 수 있고, 중이에 세균 감염이 발생하면 급성 중이염으로 이어질 수 있으며, 폐 감염이 발생하면 폐렴으로 이어질 수 있습니다.
이차 세균 감염과 같은 합병증이 있는 경우, 기존 감기 증상과 해당 합병증의 증상이 동시에 나타납니다.
특히 감기가 기관지 천식을 유발할 수 있는 경우, 감기 초기부터 감기와 천식이 함께 나타날 수 있으며, 감기가 나은 후에도 기관지 천식 증상이 지속되고, 감기로 인한 천식성 기침이 오랫동안 이어질 수 있습니다.
감기는 어떻게 진단하나요?
병력, 증상, 신체검사 소견을 종합하여 감기를 쉽게 진단할 수 있습니다.
그러나 다양한 종류의 바이러스성 상기도 및 하기도 감염, 또는 세균성 상기도 및 하기도 감염의 초기 증상은 서로 다를 수 있습니다.
 3
How to treat the common cold? 
Cold is a type of viral infection in the upper respiratory tract. That is, viral acute upper respiratory tract infection.
Cold is also known as  Common cold, URI, or upper respiratory tract infection. It is also called acute nasopharyngitis instead of the name of a cold.
Although influenza is called flu, it is a very different type of viral respiratory infection from the cold. Because the symptoms and signs of the two diseases of influenza and cold are different and sometimes have similarities, it is sometimes difficult to reliably differentiate the two diseases from each other based on symptomatic symptoms and examination findings without especially performing clinical tests.
There are no special drugs that can cure some of the cold, and there are no other special treatment methods.
In addition, there are no reliably preventable methods, no drugs, no preventive vaccines, and no preventable drugs.
There are no medications that make colds heal faster and easier, and there are no treatments that will definitely work.
    Antibiotics have no effect on treating a cold, and if you treat a cold with antibiotics, the antibiotic treatment can cause side effects.
Also, antibiotics or antiviral drugs cannot prevent colds.
During a cold, secondary bacterial infections such as bacterial otitis media, bacterial sinusitis, or bacterial pneumonia can develop. There is no clear way to prevent such complications from occurring.
The initial symptom signs of a cold are diverse and are often similar to those of many other types of infectious diseases or other diseases in our bodies.
For that reason, if children suspect to have a cold, it is ideal to seek medical advice or diagnostic treatment.
However, in many cases, it is often unclear whether even the doctor is not sure whether he is really only suffering from a cold or has other complications.
In general, it is common to make a presumptive diagnosis that you are not suffering from any secondary bacterial infectious disease other than a cold and that you are only suffering from a cold, and then treat a common cold according to the symptoms at that time. There are virtually no cold remedies.
In general, when you have a cold, the most ideal treatment is to drink plenty of fluids and rest comfortably while at home, mentally and physically rest.
Symptoms vary depending on the severity and age of the symptoms, but for infants and school-age children, it is good to take a rest while watching TV at home or reading a book.
That doesn’t mean you need to lie down and relax in the house until the cold is over from the first day after you start to catch a cold.
Refrain from excessive physical exercise until the cold is over.
Symptoms such as pain and fever, such as headache, muscle pain, sore throat, etc., can be symptomatically treated with antipyretic analgesics such as Tylenol or Ibuprofen.
If possible, follow your doctor’s instructions even when receiving treatment with these types of drugs.
These days, aspirin is not used to treat colds.
Infants of preschool age or school-age children who have a cold and runny nose and have a stuffy nose should blow and wipe their nose frequently.
Blowing your nose too hard can cause germs in your nasal passages to get into your middle ear or into your sinuses, so make them sneak.
When infants and toddlers have a stuffy nose and are unable to eat breast milk or artificial nutrition well and are suffering from sleep, it is treated as much as wiping the nose. You can treat nasal congestion by putting the physiological saline solution into their nasal cavity.
These days, children under 2-6 years of age are not treated with oral-nasal mucosal decongestants unless directed by a doctor.
In particular, oral-nasal mucosal decongestants should not be used to treat colds in infants and younger children before 6 years old.
Nasal mucosa decongestion spray that can be sprayed in the nasal cavity and treated.
Drops to relieve nasal mucosa congestion that can be dropped into the nasal cavity (drops),
Oral nasal mucosa decongestion drops,
Or, it manufactures and sells drugs that can be used in various types of cold treatment, such as nasal mucosa decongestion drugs.
From October 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that patients no longer sell or use cold cough medicines and cold medicines for children (OTC) that patients can buy and use in pharmacy shelves without a doctor’s prescription.
In particular, antihistamines, nasal mucosa decongestants, and cold cough suppressants are not used to treat colds for children under 6 years of age because they can be harmful to children’s health, the effect of treating colds is not clear, and other problems such as side effects can occur.
According to www.FAAP.org/new/kidcolds.htm, the following cold medications should not be used to treat colds in children aged 6 years. 
  • Dimetapp(R) Decongestant Plus Cough Infant Drops,
  • Dimetapp(R) Decongestant Infant Drops,
  • Little Colds(R) Decongestant Plus Cough,
  • Little Colds(R) Multi-Symptom Cold Formula,
  • PEDICURE(R) Infant Drops Decongestant (containing pseudoephedrine),
  • PEDICURE(R) Infant Drops Decongestant & Cough (containing pseudoephedrine),
  • PEDICURE(R) Infant Dropper Decongestant (containing phenylephrine),
  • PEDICURE(R) Infant Dropper Long-Acting Cough,
  • PEDICURE(R) Infant Dropper Decongestant & Cough (containing phenylephrine),
  • Robitussin(R) Infant Cough DM Drops,
  • Triaminic(R) Infant & Toddler Thin Strips(R) Decongestant,
  • Triaminic(R) Infant & Toddler Thin Strips(R) Decongestant Plus Cough,
  • TYLENOL(R) Concentrated Infants’ Drops Plus Cold,
  • TYLENOL(R) Concentrated Infants’ Drops Plus Cold & Cough
  • When pre-adolescent infants suffer from clogged noses from a cold, they can be treated with drops of nasal mucosal decongestants according to the doctor’s instructions.
  • When school-age children or teenagers after the age of 6 have a cold and develop nasal mucosa congestion and their nose is blocked, they can be treated with a nasal mucosa decongestant such as Afrin/oxymetazoline or neo synephrine according to the doctor’s instructions.
The nasal mucosa decongestant has a pharmacological action that relieves nasal mucosal congestion by constricting the congestive capillaries of the nasal mucosa and constricts swollen mucous membranes and capillaries to clear the blocked nasal cavity.
Actifed, Dimetapp, and PediaCare were OTC comprehensive cold medicines that were often used to treat childhood colds. In other words, it is an oral comprehensive cold medicine that can relieve capillary congestion in the nasal mucosa.
That kind of general cold medicine usually contains drug components such as nasal mucosa and capillary decongestants and antihistamines. Sometimes it can contain two or three different types of drug components. This type of medicine can be used as directed by a doctor when treating a cold in school-age or adolescent children after age 6
sudafed contains a drug component that can relieve capillary congestion in the nasal mucosa. These types of drugs can also cure a cold by adjusting the treatment dose according to age and symptoms. You can choose one of several nasal mucosa capillary decongestants and use them as directed by your doctor.
However, ask your doctor if this type of drug can cure colds for infants and young children before 6 years of age, and then follow your doctor’s instructions to treat colds.
In children after 6 years of age, cold without complications can be treated appropriately as an antipyretic analgesic or as a nasal mucosa decongestant according to the doctor’s instructions.
When the symptoms of a cold are mild, it is common to stop using these types of medicines and heal naturally after a few days.
However, if complications arise from secondary bacterial infections such as bacterial otitis media or bacterial sinusitis, secondary bacterial infection is appropriately treated with antibiotics.
If bronchial asthma is induced by a cold, treat asthma appropriately with appropriate asthma medication.
You can buy drugs to treat a common cold at a pharmacy without a doctor’s prescription, but it is a rule to buy and use such cold drugs according to your doctor’s advice.
Pharyngeal pain caused by a cold and a sore throat caused by viral upper respiratory tract is not effective in antibiotic treatment.
However, pharyngitis caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection should be treated with antibiotics to cure the pharyngitis and the pharyngeal pain.
Treating such a complex cold can lead to a dilemma for both doctors, patients, and countries.
Because patients, of course, have the right to know and receive the most appropriate treatment, and doctors need to give the best treatment.
If a patient comes to the pediatric office with symptoms of cold or sore throat, do a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test or a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal antigen-antibody aggregation test. If the result is positive, treat with antibiotics and if negative It is common not to treat antibiotics. However, there are also problems with these treatments. Sometimes, you have to visit a pediatric office again for follow-up treatment, and the cost of performing a beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacterial culture test for a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus antigen-antibody agglutination test depends on where you live. At the same time, it costs about 10 to 30 dollars for one inspection.
Once you have a cold, the cost of seeing a doctor, the cost of diagnostic treatment, and or of these and other treatments can be substantial.
It is rare for only one member of the family to catch a cold, and when all members of the family have a cold, the entire family may need to undergo diagnostic treatment together. In addition, assuming that a common cold is infectious throughout the country or across the country and all the people are ill, the cost of treating a cold can be an astronomical number in order to properly diagnose and treat a cold.
 
Should we concern any foods for cold? 
During the first few days of having a cold, it is common to lose appetite and not eat well.
Forced feeding of food to such a young child can cause vomiting.
Sometimes eating a small amount too can cause vomiting too.
Therefore, you should not force food to be fed.
Ask your regular pediatrician and doctor to find out what foods are good for the cold at that time.
Newborns and infants who are breastfed or who are on artificial nutrition can be fed breast milk or artificial nutrition as usual.
After infancy, if infants or school-age children do not eat well, they eat whole or semi-liquid foods that can be easily digested, such as fruit juice, barley tea, meat broth, or rice porridge.
Drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration.
As they gradually recover and their appetite improves, gradually change to the food which they normally eat.
During the first few days of a cold, they use less energy because they are less physically active than usual.
In addition, all functions of the whole body are reduced by a cold. For this reason, the function of the digestive system is also reduced by a cold, so it is common to eat little by little. Sometimes a cold virus infection in the gastrointestinal tract can make it difficult to digest
It is better not to eat cow milk or milk foods that contain cow milk as much as possible because cow milk or foods containing cow milk components are not digested well while suffering a cold.
 
Is a humidifier helpful for cold treatment? 
It is generally not recommended to use a humidifier to treat colds.
However, you can use a humidifier to control the humidity in the room.
The humidity spray from the humidifier has little effect on cold treatment.
In particular, make sure that the spray from the humidifier does not go directly to the patient.
If you use a humidifier, the interior of the bedroom may become damp and the floor may become wet and slip, resulting in safety accidents such as falls.
Instead of using a humidifier, drink plenty of the fluid orally, dry wet laundry indoors, or use other methods to keep indoor humidity at about 60% to prevent dehydration.
You don’t even have to worry about getting dehydrated if you eat as usual while you have a cold.
감기는 어떻게 치료해야 할까요?
감기는 상기도에 발생하는 바이러스 감염의 일종입니다. 즉, 급성 바이러스성 상기도 감염입니다.
감기는 흔히 감기, URI, 상기도 감염이라고도 불립니다. 또한, 급성 비인두염이라고도 합니다.
독감은 흔히 독감이라고 불리지만, 감기와는 매우 다른 종류의 바이러스성 호흡기 감염입니다. 독감과 감기의 증상과 징후가 다르거나 유사한 경우가 있어, 특별한 검사 없이는 증상과 진찰 소견만으로는 두 질환을 확실하게 구분하기 어려울 수 있습니다.
일부 감기를 치료할 수 있는 특별한 약이나 치료법은 없습니다.
또한, 감기를 확실하게 예방할 수 있는 방법, 약물, 백신, 예방약은 없습니다.
감기를 빨리 낫게 해주는 약이나 확실한 치료법도 없습니다.
항생제는 감기를 치료하는 데 효과가 없으며, 항생제로 감기를 치료할 경우 부작용이 발생할 수 있습니다.
또한, 항생제나 항바이러스제는 감기를 예방하지 못합니다.
감기에 걸리면 세균성 중이염, 세균성 부비동염, 세균성 폐렴과 같은 이차적인 세균 감염이 발생할 수 있습니다. 이러한 합병증을 예방할 수 있는 확실한 방법은 없습니다.
감기의 초기 증상은 다양하며, 다른 감염성 질환이나 우리 몸의 다른 질병의 증상과 유사한 경우가 많습니다.
따라서 아이가 감기에 걸린 것 같으면 의사의 진료를 받거나 진단 검사를 받는 것이 좋습니다.
하지만 많은 경우, 의사조차도 아이가 단순한 감기에 걸린 것인지 아니면 다른 합병증이 있는 것인지 확신하지 못하는 경우가 있습니다.
일반적으로는 감기 외에 다른 세균성 감염 질환이 없다고 추정 진단하고, 당시의 증상에 따라 감기 치료를 하는 것이 일반적입니다. 감기에는 사실상 특별한 치료법이 없습니다.
일반적으로 감기에 걸렸을 때는 수분을 충분히 섭취하고 집에서 편안하게 휴식을 취하는 것이 가장 좋습니다. 정신적, 육체적으로 안정을 찾는 것이 중요합니다.
증상은 증상의 심각도와 연령에 따라 다르지만, 유아나 학령기 아동의 경우 집에서 TV를 보거나 책을 읽으며 휴식을 취하는 것이 좋습니다.
그렇다고 해서 감기에 걸린 첫날부터 나을 때까지 계속 누워서 쉬어야 한다는 의미는 아닙니다.
감기가 완전히 나을 때까지 과도한 신체 활동은 삼가야 합니다.
통증, 발열, 두통, 근육통, 인후통 등의 증상은 타이레놀이나 이부프로펜과 같은 해열 진통제로 완화할 수 있습니다.
가능하다면 이러한 약물을 복용할 때에도 의사의 지시를 따르십시오.
요즘에는 아스피린을 감기 치료에 사용하지 않습니다.
미취학 아동이나 학령기 아동이 감기에 걸려 콧물이 나고 코가 막혔다면, 코를 자주 풀고 닦아주어야 합니다.
코를 너무 세게 풀면 코 안의 세균이 중이 또는 부비동으로 들어갈 수 있으므로, 세균이 들어가지 않도록 주의해야 합니다.
영유아가 코막힘으로 모유나 분유를 잘 먹지 못하고 잠을 제대로 못 자는 경우, 코를 닦아주는 것 외에도 생리식염수를 콧속에 넣어주는 것이 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
요즘에는 2~6세 미만의 어린이는 의사의 지시가 없는 한 경구용 비강 충혈 완화제를 사용하지 않습니다.
특히 6세 미만의 영유아에게는 감기 치료를 위해 경구용 비강 충혈 완화제를 사용해서는 안 됩니다.
비강에 직접 분사하여 충혈을 완화하는 스프레이형 비강 충혈 완화제도 있습니다.
코 점막 충혈 완화를 위해 콧속에 넣는 점안액(방울약),
경구용 코 점막 충혈 완화 점안액,
또는, 코 점막 충혈 완화제와 같은 다양한 감기 치료에 사용되는 의약품을 제조 및 판매합니다.
2007년 10월부터 미국 식품의약국(FDA)은 의사의 처방전 없이 약국에서 구입하여 사용할 수 있는 일반의약품(OTC) 감기약 및 어린이용 감기약의 판매 및 사용을 금지하도록 권고했습니다.
특히, 항히스타민제, 코 점막 충혈 완화제, 기침 억제제는 어린이의 건강에 해로울 수 있고, 감기 치료 효과가 불확실하며, 부작용 등의 문제가 발생할 수 있으므로 6세 미만 어린이의 감기 치료에 사용하지 않는 것이 좋습니다.
www.FAAP.org/new/kidcolds.htm에 따르면, 다음 감기약은 6세 미만 어린이의 감기 치료에 사용해서는 안 됩니다.
디메탑(R) 충혈 완화제 플러스 유아용 기침약,
디메탑(R) 충혈 완화제
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