헬리코박터 파이로리 감염병 (헬리코백털 파이로리 감염병) Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori infection)

Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori infection)

 

For more information, please visit drleepediatrics.com and then search.

■ Overview and Causes of Helicobacter pylori Infection

● Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria.

● In 1983, an Australian doctor first discovered Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.

● He received the Nobel Prize in 2005 for this research.

● It is more likely to infect people living in low-income areas, unsanitary environments, or cramped living conditions.

● Duodenal ulcers and peptic ulcers were previously believed to be mainly caused by stress and diet, but nowadays, it is known that almost all cases are caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.

● Helicobacter pylori infection can also cause lymphadenitis and chronic gastritis.

● In developed countries, 50% of children and adolescents are infected with Helicobacter pylori before the age of 10, and 80% of adults are infected by the age of 50, and most of them experience no symptoms.

● Helicobacter pylori is found in 69-94% of patients with peptic ulcers.

● However, there are many uncertainties regarding the transmission route. However, it is known to be transmitted through the following routes:

● Primarily through oral-to-oral transmission. ● Infection occurs through the fecal-oral route, or from the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract to the feces, and can also be transmitted through contaminated drinking water or feces containing Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

● Previously, Helicobacter pylori was mainly found in the stomach wall, but it has also been found in dental plaque, adenoids, tonsils, sinuses, middle ear, pharynx, larynx, and tongue. This can lead to various types of Helicobacter pylori infections, such as Helicobacter pylori adenoiditis, Helicobacter pylori tonsillitis, Helicobacter pylori sinusitis, Helicobacter pylori otitis media, Helicobacter pylori pharyngitis, Helicobacter pylori laryngitis, or Helicobacter pylori glossitis.

● Source: The Journal of the National Medical Association, Oct. 2008, p. 1224

● The incubation period is not precisely known.

■ Symptoms and Signs of Helicobacter pylori Infection

▴ Figure 1-35. Peptic ulcers can develop due to Helicobacter pylori infection.

a-stomach wall, b-gastric ulcer, c-cardia, e-pylorus.

drleepediatrics.com

Source: Used with permission from Glaxo Wellcome and Pediatric Home Care Encyclopedia

● Acute gastroenteritis can occur after infection with Helicobacter pylori.

● Acute gastroenteritis caused by Helicobacter pylori infection can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and gastrointestinal bleeding for several days.

● Afterward, the bacteria can be carried for several years. ● This bacterium can also cause chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcers, and peptic ulcers.

● Infection with Helicobacter pylori can cause noticeable symptoms or no symptoms at all.

● The reason for this is not fully understood.

● In cases of Helicobacter pylori-associated duodenal ulcers or peptic ulcers, symptoms may be absent, or symptoms such as abdominal pain, especially nighttime abdominal pain, vomiting blood, and nausea may occur.

● In adults, Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to duodenal ulcers, peptic ulcers, and even stomach cancer.

● Stomach cancer is less likely to occur in children with Helicobacter pylori infection.

■ Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection

Table. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections in children aged 5 years and older, school-aged children, and adolescents

Treatment Dosage and Duration

Type of Medication

Daily Dosage

Duration (Days)

First-Line Treatment Combination

Amoxicillin

50 mg/kg (max. 1 g b.i.d.)

7-14

Clarithromycin

15 mg/kg (max. 500 mg twice daily)

7-14

Omeprazole

1 mg/kg (max. 20 mg b.i.d.)

7-14

Second-Line Treatment Combinations

Amoxicillin

50 mg/kg (max. 1 g b.i.d.)

7-14

Metronidazole

20 mg/kg (max. 500 mg b.i.d.)

7-14

Omeprazole

1 mg/kg (max. 20 mg b.i.d.)

7-14

OR

Clarithromycin

15 mg/kg (max. 500 mg b.i.d.)

7-14

Metronidazole

20 mg/kg (max. 500 mg b.i.d.)

7-14

Omeprazole

1 mg/kg (max. 20 mg b.i.d.)

7-14

OR

Bismuth subsalicylate

Age 5-9 years

175mg/kg (2/3 tablet or 10mL q.i.d., max. 700mg)

14

Age 9-12 years

262mg/kg (1 tablet or 15mL q.i.d., max. 1,048mg)

 

14

 

Age 12 years and up

 

524mg/kg (2tablets or 30mL q.i.d., max. 2,096mg)

 

 

 

Metronidazole

 

20mg/kg (max. 500mg b.i.d.)

 

14-30

 

Omeprazole

 

1mg/kg (max. 20mg b.i.d.)

 

14-30

 

Amoxicillin

 

50mg/kg (max. 1g b.i.d.)

 

7-14

 

Clarithromycin

 

15mg/kg (max. 500mg b.i.d.)

 

7-14

 

Source: Dr. Vera Huperts

 

● Based on a comprehensive assessment of medical history, symptoms, signs, and physical examination findings, if this disease is suspected, diagnosis is made through IgG immunoglobulin antibody testing in serum or urine, urea breath test, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and/or gastric mucosal biopsy.

● Sometimes, diagnosis can also be made through gastroscopy and bacterial culture testing.

● Among these methods, the urea breath test is considered the most reliable diagnostic method.

■ Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

● Treatment involves H2 blockers (Beta 2 Blockers drugs), Amoxicillin + Pepto-Bismol + Metronidazole, or Omeprazole + Amoxicillin + Azithromycin.

■ Source and References for Helicobacter pylori infection

● See Peptic ulcer diseases.

This information is from ‘Parents Should Also Be Half-Doctors’ www.drleepediatrics.com

This text is excerpted from Volume 1 of 25 volumes of the pediatric website, ‘Pediatric and Adolescent Emergency Medicine’.

Greetings,

Hello,

To all Korean parents around the world!!!!!!!!!!!!

We hope you will participate in the reading movement of the true parenting bible, a must-read for 80 million Koreans worldwide.

Dr. John Sangwon Lee, MD, FAAP, a US board-certified pediatrician and Korean pediatrician, wants to give the following information as a gift to 80 million Koreans worldwide: a must-read parenting bible on child rearing, health promotion, disease diagnosis and treatment, prevention, how to truly love your children, sleep, sex education for children and adolescents, and character education. 1. http://www.koreapediatrics.com/ -> drleepediatrics.com Parents should also become half-doctors – Approximately 20,000 pages. 13412 Title, Pediatric Website Launched in 2013

2. Pediatric and Family Medicine Encyclopedia – 618 pages, published in 1988

3. Pediatric and Family Nursing Encyclopedia – Parents Should Also Be Half-Doctors – 1076 pages, published in 1998

4. Growth and Development of Newborns, Infants, School-aged Children, and Adolescents – 623 pages, published in 2014

5. Newborn Growth, Development, and Diseases – 610 pages, published in 2014

6. Breast Milk, Breastfeeding, and Weaning – 308 pages, published in 2014

7. Pediatric and Adolescent Epilepsy + 100 Questions and Answers about Epilepsy – 240 pages, published in 2015

8. From Pregnancy to Newborn Care – approximately 300 pages, published in 1998

9. Raise Your Sons and Daughters with This Kind of Love – 210 pages, translated work of Ross Campbell, a worldwide classic

10. Written by a Doctor of Medicine, published in 1988

11. Drugs and Children – approximately 200 pages, published in 1988

12. Raise Your Sons and Daughters with Unconditional True Love and This is How to Provide Character Education – 647 pages, published in 2016

13. https://www.flickr.com/people/drleesangwon

14. http://blog.naver.com/drsangwonlee

15. https://www.facebook.com/drleesangwon

16. Pediatric columnist for Newyorkkorea.net

17. Other

For the health promotion of Koreans of all ages, both at home and around the world, this parenting information contains health promotion information in Korean that can be easily accessed and read by anyone, anywhere, anytime. I believe the time for this parenting Bible has come, more than a century later.

If I had the resources, I would like to give a copy of this parenting Bible to every Korean family worldwide.

If I had the time, I would like to read the entire parenting Bible aloud to all the beloved Korean parents.

Of course, there may be some shortcomings. However, I am confident that if you refer to other parenting resources while using this book, your children will surely grow up happy.

Sincerely,

John Sangwon Lee, MD

Connecticut State Medical License #016370

Korean Medical License #7794

Honorary Member, American Academy of Pediatrics

Korean Pediatric Specialist

Top Pediatrician in the USA

Copyrightⓒ 2017 John Sangwon Lee, MD.FAAP

drleepediatrics.com 1/29/2026  2/4 한돋